O. Richter, _Topographie der Stadt Rom_, 2nd Ed., p. 211.
Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ xvi. 237. The inscription was probably not in the Etruscan language, but only in an archaic alphabet like that employed in the inscription on the pyramidal stone which has been found under the Black Stone in the Forum.
G. Boni, “Bimbi Romulei,” _Nuova Antologia_, 16th February 1904, pp. 5 _sqq._ (separate reprint); E. Burton-Brown, _Recent Excavations in the Roman Forum_ (London, 1904), p. 150.
Festus, _s.v._ “Oscillantes,” p. 194, ed. C. O. Müller.
Dionysius Halicarnasensis, _Antiquit. Rom._ iv. 49; A. Schwegler, _Römische Geschichte_, i. 341; H. Nissen, _Italische Landeskunde_, ii. 580. It is to be observed that Dionysius does not here speak of the dedication of a temple to Jupiter; when he describes the foundation of the temple of Capitoline Jupiter by Tarquin (iv. 59 and 61) his language is quite different. The monastery, founded in 1777 by Cardinal York, the last of the Stuarts, has now been converted into a meteorological station and an inn (K. Baedeker, _Central Italy and Rome_, 13th Ed., p. 400). It is fitting enough that the atmospheric phenomena should be observed by modern science on the spot where they were worshipped by ancient piety.
According to tradition, the future site of Alba Longa was marked out by a white sow and her litter, which were found lying under evergreen oaks (Virgil, _Aen._ viii. 43), as Mr. A. B. Cook has pointed out (_Classical Review_, xviii. 363). The tradition seems to shew that the neighbourhood of the city was wooded with oaks.
Querquetulani. See Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ iii. 69; Dionysius Halicarnasensis, _Antiquit. Rom._ v. 61. As to the white bulls sacrificed at the great Latin festival and partaken of by the members of the League, see Arnobius, _Adversus nationes_, ii. 68; Dionysius Halicarnasensis, _Ant. Rom._ iv. 49. Compare Cicero, _Pro Plancio_, ix. 23; Varro, _De lingua Latina_, vi. 25.
Arnobius, _Adversus nationes_, ii. 68; Livy, xxii. 10. 7; Ovid, _Ex Ponto_, iv. 4. 31; Servius on Virgil, _Georg._ ii. 146; Horace, _Carmen Saeculare_, 49.
“Italic and Keltic are so closely bound together by important phonetic and morphological affinities that they are sometimes spoken of as one branch” of Aryan speech (J. H. Moulton, _Two Lectures on the Science of Language_, Cambridge, 1903, p. 6, note). “The connection of the Celtic and Italic languages is structural. It is much deeper than that of Celts and Teutons, and goes back to an earlier epoch. Celts and Latins must have dwelt together as an undivided people in the valley of the Danube, and it must have been at a much later time—after the Umbrians and Latins had crossed the Alps—that the contact of Celts and Teutons came about” (Isaac Taylor, _The Origin of the Aryans_, p. 192; compare _id._ p. 257). See also P. Giles, _Manual of Comparative Philology_ 2nd Ed., (London, 1901), p. 26.