Mårtensson, Mårtenson and Martenson are surnames. Notable people with the names include:
Agneta Mårtensson (born 1961), Swedish freestyle swimmer
Anders Mårtensson (1893–1973), Swedish vaulter who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics Bertil Mårtensson (1945–2018), Swedish author of science fiction, crime fiction and fantasy; also an academic philosopher Bodil Mårtensson (born 1952), Swedish author of crime novels and adventure books Christer Mårtensson (born 1954), Swedish curler, World and European champion Frithiof Mårtensson (1884–1956), Swedish wrestler who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics Göran Mårtensson (born 1960), Swedish Army lieutenant general Jan Mårtenson (born 1933), Swedish diplomat and writer of crime novels Jörgen Mårtensson (born 1959), Swedish orienteer Johan Mårtensson (born 1989), Swedish football player Lasse Mårtenson (1934–2016), Finnish singer Mona Mårtenson (1902–1956), Swedish actress Stina Mårtensson (1882–1962), Swedish missionary Tony Mårtensson (born 1980), Swedish ice hockey player