CURVUS; UNCUS; PANDUS; INCURVUS; RECURVUS; REDUNCUS; REPANDUS; ADUNCUS. 1. +Curvus+, or in prose mostly +curvatus+, denotes, as a general expression, all crookedness, from a slight degree of crookedness to a complete circle; +uncus+ supposes a great degree of crookedness, approaching to a semi-circle, like the form of a hook; +pandus+, a slight crookedness, deviating but a little from a straight line, like that which slopes. 2. The +curva+ form a continued crooked line; the +incurva+ suppose a straight line ending in a curve, like #epikampês#, the augur's staff, for example, or the form of a man who stoops, etc. 3. +Recurvus+, +reduncus+, and +repandus+, denote that which is bent outwards; +aduncus+, that which is bent inwards. Plin. H. N. xi. 37. Cornua aliis _adunca_, aliis _redunca_. (v. 184.)
CUSTODIA; CARCER; ERGASTULUM. +Custodia+ (from #keuthô#) is the place where prisoners are confined, or the prison; +carcer+ (#karkaron#, redupl. of #karis#, circus), that part of the prison that is meant for citizens; +ergastulum+ (from #ergazomai#, or #eirgô#), the house of correction for slaves.
DAMNUM; DETRIMENTUM; JACTURA. +Damnum+ (#dapanê#) is a loss incurred by one's self, in opp. to _lucrum_. Plaut. Cist. i. 1, 52. Capt. ii. 2, 77. Ter. Heaut. iv. 4, 25. Cic. Fin. v. 30. Sen. Ben. iv. 1. Tranq. 15; whereas +detrimentum+ (from detrivisse) means a loss endured, in opp. to _emolumentum_. Cic. Fin. i. 16. iii. 29; lastly, +jactura+ is a voluntary loss, by means of which one hopes to escape a greater loss or evil, a sacrifice. Hence +damnum+ is used for a fine; and in the form, Videant Coss., ne quid resp. _detrimenti_ capiat, the word _damnum_ could never be substituted for _detrimentum_. (v. 251.)
DEFORMIS, see _Tæter_. [[redirects to _Teter_]]
DELIBUTUS; UNCTUS; OBLITUS. +Delibutus+ (from #leibein#, #libazein#), besmeared with something greasy, is the general expression; +unctus+ (from #hugros#? or #nêchein#?) means anointed with a pleasant ointment; and +oblitus+ (from oblino), besmeared with something impure. (vi. 98.)
DELICTUM; PECCATUM; MALEFACTUM; MALEFICIUM; FACINUS; FLAGITIUM; SCELUS; NEFAS; IMPIETAS. 1. +Delictum+ and +peccatum+ denote the lighter sort of offences; +delictum+, more the transgression of positive laws, from levity; +peccatum+ (from #pachus#), rather of the laws of nature and reason, from indiscretion. 2. A synonyme and as it were a circumlocution of the above words is +malefactum+; whereas +maleficium+ and +facinus+ involve a direct moral reference; +maleficium+ is any misdeed which, as springing from evil intention, deserves punishment; but +facinus+, a crime which, in addition to the evil intention, excites astonishment and alarm from the extraordinary degree of daring requisite thereto. 3. There are as many sorts of evil deeds, as there are of duties, against oneself, against others, against the gods; +flagitium+ (from #blagis#) is an offence against oneself, against one's own honor, by gluttony, licentiousness, cowardice; in short, by actions which are not the consequence of unbridled strength, but of moral weakness, as evincing _ignavia_, and incurring shame; whereas +scelus+ (#sklêron#) is an offence against others, against the right of individuals, or the peace of society, by robbery, murder, and particularly by sedition, by the display, in short, of malice; +nefas+ (#aphaton#) is an offence against the gods, or against nature, by blasphemy, sacrilege, murder of kindred, betrayal of one's country; in short, by the display of _impietas_, an impious outrage. Tac. G. 12. (ii. 139.)