Boleslaw Stanislavovich Przybyszewski (; 22 February 1892 – 21 August 1937) was a Soviet public person, teacher, and musicologist. Head of the Moscow Conservatory in 1929-1932.
Life
Boleslaw Przybyszewski was born in Prussian Berlin on 22 February 1892; he was an illegitimate son of the Polish writer Stanisław Przybyszewski. His mother Marfa Ferder committed suicide on 9 June 1896. The boy was taken to his father's parents in Kuyavia, then a part of the Russian Empire. Later they moved to Wągrowiec. Due to his grandmother's influence, young Boleslaw developed a keen interest in music. In 1912 he moved to Warsaw and entered the Chopin University of Music. During World War I he was interned and forcibly moved to Orsk. On 14 October 1918, he married Emilia Nidekker, a daughter of the former city mayor and lieutenant colonel in reserve of the Imperial Army. In August 1919, when the Cossacks retreated and left the city, Przybyszewski stayed in Orsk and took an active part in public and cultural life. In January 1920 he published an open letter in the local press, where he openly criticized "all vulgar and crude attacks" on his father.
In 1920 Przybyszewski moved to Moscow and joined the Communist Party. He started working at the Communist University of the National Minorities of the West as an inspector of the specialised secondary music schools. Later he headed the music department of the People's Commissariat for Education.
In 1929 Przybyszewski was given the director's post at the Moscow Conservatory. At that time the state policy was to actively 'proletarize' the conservatories, accepting only class-approved students and also striving to restructure the staff and curricula with Marxist standards. The professors reacted to such reforms negatively; they already were in a bitter conflict with the RAMP due to its obvious harm to musical standards with ideology, vulgarism and dilettantism. The capellmeister Konstantin Saradzhev recalled the reforms of 1930-1931 as 'pernicious for the conservatory. The new curriculum cut the hours for most important disciplines and burdened the students with completely unnecessary lessons, such as political-economic studies...'. Saradzhev and several other distinguished professors left the conservatory, however, the core staff stayed. The new director gained a reputation as an odious figure. In 1931 the conservatory was renamed after Feliks Kon, Przybyszewski's superior. The renaming caused particular outrage. The institution immediately received a vulgar nickname 'Horse school', based on wordplay in Russian, where Kon pronounced with the soft last consonant means 'horse'. Memories of Przybyszewski's years as the head of the conservatory were highly controversial. In the memoirs of the composer Vissarion Shebalin, Przybyszewski was described as a 'typical intellectual in a bad way: a weak, unreliable person who strived to look nice in everyone's eyes. The conservatory was alien to him and he did nothing good to it.' Another professor and a colleague remembered Boleslaw Przybyszewski as a "man of the highest morality, who, unfortunately, was succumbed by the RAMP mottos and tried to shape the conservatory's education accordingly". On the contrary, the composer Vladimir Shcherbachov mentioned Przybyszewski as a "very interesting man, who led a highly intellectual and intense cultural life, a great dreamer, passionate and dedicated to his ideas up to the extremes. He read aloud to me some chapters from his work on Beethoven, which I found very profound. His notes on Bach as a harmonist in the first place, not a polyphonist, were also intriguing and profoundly explained from a sociological point of view. We also talked about my plans and affairs, all conversations with him were very intense and demanding." However, in later publications the director was often described as a despot and a strict censor. By late 1931, the influence of the new political movements in music fading, on 11 February 1932 Przybyszewski was removed from the director's post.