While the gas is not used as yet in any smelting furnace nor in the Bessemer converters, it is preferred in open hearth and crucible steel furnaces, and is said to be vastly superior to coal for puddling. The charge of a puddling furnace, consisting of 500 pounds of pig-metal and eighty pounds of "fix," produces with coal fuel 490 to 500 pounds of iron. With gas for fuel, it is claimed that the same charge will yield 520 to 530 pounds of iron. In an iron mill of thirty furnaces, running eight heats each for twenty-four hours, this would make a difference in favor of the gas of, say, 8 x 30 x 25 = 6,000 pounds of iron per day. This is an important item of itself, leaving out the cost of firing with coal and hauling ashes.
For generating steam in large establishments, one man will attend a battery of twelve or twenty boilers, using gas as fuel, keep the pressure uniform, and have the fire room clean as a parlor. For burning brick and earthenware, gas offers the double advantage of freedom from smoke and a uniform heat. The use of gas in public bakeries promises the abolition of the ash-box and its accumulation of miscellaneous filth, which is said to often impregnate the "sponge" with impurities.
In short, the advantages of natural gas as a fuel are so obvious to those who have given it a trial, that the prediction is made that, should the supply fail, many who are now using it will never return to the consumption of crude coal in factories, but, if necessary, convert it or petroleum into gas at their own works.
It seems, indeed, that until we shall have acquired the wisdom enabling us to conserve and concentrate the heat of the sun, gas must be the fuel of the future.--_Popular Science Monthly_.
TABLE OF ANALYSIS OF NATURAL GAS--FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. _____________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | CONSTITUENTS | [2.] | [3.] | [6.] | [7.] | [8.] | [9.] | |_______________|________|________|________|________|________|_________ | | | | | | | | | Hydrogen | .... | .... | 6.10 | 13.50 | 22.50 | 4.79 | | | | | | | | | | Marsh Gas | 82.41 | 96.50 | 75.44 | 80.11 | 60.27 | 89.65 | | | | | | | | | | Ethane | .... | .... | 18.12 | 5.72 | 6.80 | 4.39 | | | | | | | | | | Propane | .... | .... | trace. | .... | .... | trace. | | | | | | | | | | Carbonic acid | 10.11 | .... | 0.34 | 0.66 | 2.28 | 0.35 | | | | | | | | | | Carbonic oxide| .... | 0.50 | trace. | trace. | trace. | 0.26 | | | | | | | | | | Nitrogen | 4.31 | .... | .... | .... | 7.32 | .... | | | | | | | | | | Oxygen | 0.23 | 2.00 | .... | .... | 0.83 | .... | | | | | | | | | | "Illuminating | 2.94 | 1.00 | .... | .... | .... | 0.56 | | hydrocarbons."|________|________|________|________|________|________| | | | | | | | | | | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 99.99 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |_______________|________|________|________|________|________|________| | | | Specific gravity 0.693 0.692 0.6148 0.5119 0.5580 | |_____________________________________________________________________| ______________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | CONSTITUENTS | [10.] | [12.] | [14.] | [15.] | [16.] | [17.] | |_______________|________|________|________|________|________|_________ | | | | | | | | | Hydrogen | .... | 19.56 | .... | 0.98 | .... | .... | | | | | | | | | | Marsh Gas | 96.34 | 78.24 | 47.37 | 93.09 | 80.69 | 95.42 | | | | | | | | | | Ethane | .... | .... | .... | .... | 4.75 | .... | | | | | | | | | | Propane | .... | .... | .... | .... | .... | .... | | | | | | | | | | Carbonic acid | 3.64 | .... | 3.10 | 2.18 | 6.44 | 0.60 | | | | | | | | | | Carbonic oxide| | .... | .... | .... | .... | .... | | | | | | | | | | Nitrogen | | .... | 49.39 | 0.49 | 8.12 | 3.98 | | | | | | | | | | Oxygen | | 2.20 | 0.17 | .... | .... | .... | | | | | | | | | | "Illuminating | [10.] | .... | .... | 3.26 | .... | .... | | hydrocarbons."|________|________|________|________|________|________| | | | | | | | | | | | 100.00 | 100.03 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |_______________|________|________|________|________|________|________| | | |Specific gravity 0.5923 0.56 | |_____________________________________________________________________|