High-speed rail in Czech Republic is being planned with construction start in 2026 and maximum speed between 200 and 320 km/h. Although České Dráhy own and operate multiple rolling stock capable of speeds of since 2004, there is as of 2023 no infrastructure capable of velocity over . The only exception is the 13.3-kilometre long track at Velim railway test circuit with a maximum allowed speed of for tilting trains and up to for conventional trains.. Czech rolling stock manufacturer Škoda Transportation produces high-speed rolling stock since the 1970s.
Infrastructure
The basis for Czech high-speed rail was laid down in 2017 when the Government approved the High-Speed Rail Development Program. According to this program following routes, so called RS (standing for rychlá spojení, fast connections) will be developed:
RS1 - Prague - Brno - Ostrava - (Katowice) RS2 - Brno - Břeclav - (Vienna/Bratislava) RS3 - Prague - Plzeň - (Munich) RS4 - Prague - Ústí nad Labem - (Dresden) RS5 - Prague - Liberec/Hradec Králové - (Wrocław)
The development will include the construction of new lines as well as upgrade existing lines to . New high-speed routes will consist of the following shorter sections:
Pilot projects
In 2018 SŽDC identified following three shorter sections as pilot projects:
VRT Polabí (HST Polabí) - Prague - Poříčany (30 km) - part of future RS1 and RS5
VRT Jižní Morava (HST South Moravia) - Brno - Vranovice - part of future RS2
VRT Moravská brána (HST Moravian Gate) - Přerov - Ostrava - part of future RS1
Train stations planning
Along the high-speed route RS1 (Prague-Brno-Ostrava), several new train stations are planned. Just south to the D11 motorway in the town of Nehvizdy in the Prague-East District, the new Prague East Terminal (Terminál Praha východ) is being planned. This station will be a transport hub as a part of the RS1 and RS5 (Prague-Liberec/Hradec Králové) routes and will mainly serve residents of the northeastern part of the Central Bohemian Region. Along RS1, the high-speed line will be connected via a branch line to the train station of Světlá nad Sázavou, which will be reconstructed.
Close to highway exit 112 on the D1 motorway in the Jihlava District, a new Jihlava train station (terminál Jihlava VRT) is planned as part of RS1. This station will also be connected to the regional railway between Jihlava and Havlíčkův Brod and serve as a transport hub for the Vysočina Region. Another new station to the west of Velká Bíteš is planned on a branch line from the RS1 towards the regional railway between Havlíčkův Brod and Brno.
In the south of Brno, the new train station Brno-Vídeňská is planned to serve the region around Brno and to prevent unnecessary traffic to Brno main railway station in the city centre.
One new train station is planned along the high-speed route RS4 (Prague - Ústí nad Labem). This new train station (Terminál Roudnice nad Labem VRT) will be constructed to the west of Roudnice nad Labem and will serve as a transfer hub in the Litoměřice District.
SŽ is also considering upgrading of some ETCS-equipped tracks to and also upgrading some current projects to . In 2020 SŽ called for bids to upgrade ongoing Soběslav - Doubí project and Sudoměřice – Votice project to , both projects are on Prague - České Budějovice route.
Rolling stock operated in the Czech Republic
Since 2004 České dráhy have been operating seven ČD Class 680 sets. These Pendolino-based trains are capable of operating at and were intended for operation on the Berlin - Prague - Vienna route. While testing from Břeclav to Brno on 18 November 2004, the ČD Class 680 reached a speed of and created a new Czech railway speed record. In reality ČD Class 680 were never operated in Germany and appeared only in Austria and Slovakia; since 2012 they have only operated on domestic routes and in Slovakia.
From 2010 České dráhy are receiving delivery of 20 new ČD Class 380 locomotives capable of a speed of , they operate also tens of passenger cars capable of that speed (classes 10-91, 21-91, 72-91 and 88-91). In 2013 České dráhy also ordered 7 Railjet trains capable of a speed of .
Rolling stock manufactured in the Czech Republic
In 1974 and 1979 Škoda produced 12 Škoda 66Е locomotives capable of a speed of for the Soviet Union. These were designated as Chs200 (ЧС200) and were used mainly on the Nevsky Express train on the Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway. The locomotives were refurbished in the 1990s and during testing in 2007 one locomotive reached a speed of .