_Monuments._--The prehistoric monuments in Man are numerous. There are earth entrenchments, seemingly of the earliest period; fragments of stone circles and alignments; burial cairns with stone cists of several successive periods; urn mounds and _crannoges_ or lake dwellings. The monuments belonging to the historic period begin with the round tower on Peel islet, the humble Celtic _keeills_ and the sculptured crosses in which the island is especially rich. Of these crosses about one-fourth have inscriptions in the old Norse language. The origin and history of the early buildings remaining on the island are obscure. The castles of Rushen and Peel are the only important buildings of a military character which survive, but the remains of ecclesiastical buildings are numerous and interesting, though, with the exception of St German's Cathedral on Peel islet, now in ruins, they are only small and simple structures.
_Arms._--There has been much controversy about the origin of the arms of the island--the "three-legs" found on a beautiful pillar cross near Maughhold churchyard belonging to the latter part of the 14th century. It was probably originally a sun symbol and was brought from Sicily by the Vikings. The motto _quocunque jeceris slabit_ is of comparatively recent origin.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.--History and Law: _The Manx Society's publications_, vols. i.-xxxii., notably the _Chronicon Manniae_ (vols. xxii. and xxiii., edited by Munch); Sir Spencer Walpole, K.C.B., _The Land of Home Rule_, an essay on the history and constitution of the Isle of Man (London, Longmans, Green & Co., 1893); A. W. Moore, M.A., C.V.O., _The Diocese of Sodor and Man_, S.P.C.K.'s series of Diocesan Histories (1893); and _A History of the Isle of Man_, (2 vols., London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1900); _The Statutes of the Isle of Man from 1817 to 1895_, Gill's edition, 6 vols. (vol. i. 1883 to vol. vi. 1897, London, Eyre & Spottiswoode); Richard Sherward (Deemster), _Manx Law Tenures_, a short treatise on the law relating to real estate in the Isle of Man (Douglas Robinson Bros., 1899). Archaeology and Folklore: P. M. C. Kermode, F. S. A. Scot., _Manx Crosses_ (London, Bemrose & Sons, 1907); E. Alfred Jones, _The Old Church Plate of the Isle of Man_ (Bemrose & Sons, 1907); A. W. Moore, C.V.O., M.A., _The Folklore of the Isle of Man_ (London, D. Nutt, 1891). Language and Philology: _A Dictionary of the Manx Language_ (Manx-English), by Archibald Cregeen (1835); _A Practical Grammar of the Antient Gaelic, or Language of the Isle of Man, usually called Manks_, by Rev. John Kelly, LL.D.; _Manx Society's publications_, vol. ii. (1859, reprint of edition of 1804); _The Manx Dictionary in two ports_ (Manx-English, English-Manx), by Rev. John Kelly, William Gill and John Clarke; _Manx Society's publications_, vol. xiii. (1866); _The Book of Common Prayer in Manx Gaelic_, being translations made by Bishop Phillips in 1610 and by the Manx clergy in 1765, edited by A. W. Moore, C.V.O., M.A., and John Rhys, M.A., LL.D.; _Outlines of the Phonology of Manx Gaelic_, by John Rhys (Oxford University Press, 2 vols., 1893-1894); _First Lessons in Manx_, by Edmund Goodwin (Dublin, Celtic Association, 1901); _Manx National Songs_, with English words, from the MS. collection of the Deemster Gill, Dr J. Clague and W. H. Gill, and arranged by W. H. Gill (London, Boosey & Co., 1896); _Manx Ballads and Music_, edited by A. W. Moore (Douglas, G. and R. Johnson, 1896); A. W. Moore's _The Surnames and Place Names of the Isle of Man_ (London, Elliot Stock, 1906, 3rd ed.). Natural History: P. G. Ralfe, _The Birds of the Isle of Man_ (Edinburgh, David Douglas, 1905).