Hachmei Provence () refers to the rabbis of Provence, now known as Occitania, France that was a great Torah center in the times of the Tosafists. The phrase literally means the wise ones of Provence; hakham "wise one, sage" is a Sephardic and Hachmei Provençal term for a rabbi.
In matters of halakha, as well as in their traditions and custom, the Provençal rabbis occupy an intermediate position between the Sephardic Judaism of the neighboring Spanish scholars, and the Old French (similar to the Nusach Ashkenaz) tradition represented by the Tosafists.
The term "Provence" in Jewish tradition is not limited to today's administrative region of Provence but refers to the whole of Occitania. This includes Narbonne (which is sometimes informally, though incorrectly, transliterated as "Narvona" as a result of the back-and-forth transliteration between Hebrew and Old Occitan), Lunel (which is informally transliterated Lunil), and the city of Montpellier, not far (7 km) from the Mediterranean coast. It also included cities which at that time formed part of the Catalan political and cultural domain, such as Perpignan. In some ways, the Jewish traditions of Catalonia were closer to those of Provence than to those of the Kingdom of Castile and al-Andalus.
There was a distinctive Provençal liturgy used by the Jews of the Papal enclave of Comtat Venaissin, who remained following the expulsion of the Jews from the rest of France. This liturgy was intermediate in character between the Sephardi rites and the Nusach Ashkenaz, and was in some ways closer to the Italian rite than to either.
After the French Revolution, when Venaissin was annexed by France, the Provençal rite was replaced by the Portuguese Sephardic liturgy, which is used by the Jews of Carpentras today.
Partial list
Hachmei Narbonne
Moses ha-Darshan
Makhir of Narbonne and his great family. Moses ben Joseph ben Merwan ha-Levi Joseph Kimhi and sons David and Moshe. Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne the Eshkol, also known as the RABaD II. Isaac ben Merwan ha-Levi Aaron ben Jacob Ha-Kohen the Orhoth Chaim, according to some he lived in Lunel.
Lunel
Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona the Baal haMaor. Abraham ben Nathan haYarhi (Yareah is Hebrew for moon, which is Lune in French, the source for the city-name Lunel). Yonatan HaKohen of Lunel. Abba Mari haYarhi, and his son Isaac. Meshullam ben Jacob Asher ben Meshullam Rava Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi) (disputed)
Montpellier
Solomon of Montpellier who led the movement against Maimonides.
Rest of Provence
Abraham ben David known as the RABaD or RABaD III
His son Isaac the Blind a famous Kabbalist
Menachem Meiri
Nathan ben Meir of Trinquetaille
Shem-Tob ben Isaac of Tortosa
The famous family Ibn Tibbon
Caslari family of Carpentras
Bonet de Lattes
Jacob Anatoli
Gersonides
Gerson ben Solomon of Arles
Abraham Bedersi
Jedaiah ben Abraham Bedersi
Members of the Kalonymus Family
Kalonymus ben Kalonymus of Avignon. Kalonymus ben Todros
References
Y. Maser (2016), Les rabbins du Sud de la France au Moyen Age et leurs écrits. Les Sages de Provincia. Institut R' Yesha'ya Bakish, Hotsaat Bakish, Montpellier, 118 p.