194. 1. Pipilo arcticus, Swains. Arctic Ground-Finch.
Plate CCCXCIV. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female.
Head, neck all round, a part of the breast, and upper parts in general, black; sides and lower tail-coverts orange-red, the latter paler; central part of the breast and abdomen white; feathers of the tibia dusky, margined with whitish; an elongated patch on the outer web of all the scapulars, a small terminal spot on the first row of small coverts, and on the secondary coverts, and a large patch at the end of the inner web of the outer three tail-feathers on each side, white. Female smaller, differing only in having the parts which are black in the male dull brownish-black.
_Male_, 8-1/2; wing, 3-1/2. _Female_, 8; wing, 3-1/4.
Columbia River, and northward to the Fur Countries. Abundant. Migratory.
Pyrgita (Pipilo) arctica, Arctic Ground-Finch, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 260.
Arctic Ground-Finch, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 589.
Arctic Ground-Finch, Fringilla arctica, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 49.
195. 2. Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Linn. Towhe Ground-Finch.--Towhe Bunting. Ground Robin. Swamp Robin.
Head, neck all round, a portion of the breast, and upper parts in general, black; sides and lower tail-coverts orange-red, the latter paler; central part of the breast and abdomen white; feathers of the tibia dusky, margined with whitish (no white spots on the scapulars or wing-coverts); a white patch on the wing, formed by the bases of the outer webs of six or seven of the primaries; outer three tail-feathers with a white patch toward the end on their inner webs chiefly (much more extended than in the last species). Female smaller, differing from the male only in having the parts which in him are deep black, dusky reddish-brown. Young in first plumage with the upper parts dull reddish-brown, streaked with brownish-black; the wings and tail as in the adult, the lower parts pale yellowish-grey, marked with short longitudinal streaks of dusky.
Breeds from Texas along the Atlantic districts, as well as in the interior, northward to Labrador. Abundant. Migratory.
Towhe Bunting, Emberiza erythrophthalma, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 35.
Fringilla erythrophthalma, Bonap. Syn. p. 112.
Ground Robin or Towhe Finch, Fringilla erythrophthalma, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 515.