Changdao County () was a county in Yantai, a prefectural area of Shandong in the People's Republic of China. It consists of the Changshan Islands within the Bohai Strait, directly north of Penglai. They were known for their sandy beaches and picturesque limestone cliffs. The total land area was only , but the coastline is long. In 2020, Changdao County was merged to Penglai county-level city and became Penglai District.
Geography
The Changshan Islands (), also known as the Temple Islands or Miaodao Archipelago () are an archipelago of 32 islands located across the southern portion of the Bohai Strait, the waterway connecting the Bohai Sea to the Yellow Sea, collectively named after the two largest islands. In Chinese, they are also known as the "Long Islands" (), and anciently as the "Sandy Gate Islands" ().
Changdao County is located between Jiaodong and Liaodong Peninsula, at the confluence of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. It faces Yantai in the south, Dalian in the north, Beijing and Tianjin in the west, and South Korea and Japan across the Yellow Sea in the east.
Administrative divisions
Changdao County has jurisdiction over one subdistrict, one town and six townships: Nanchangshan Subdistrict 南长山街道 South Changshan Subdistrict Tuoji Town 砣矶镇 Beichangshan Township 北长山乡 North Chang Mountain Township Heishan Township 黑山乡 (Black Mountain Township) Daqindao Township 大钦岛乡 (Greater Qin Island Township) Xiaoqindao Township 小钦岛乡 (Lesser Qin Island Township) Nanhuangcheng Township 南隍城乡 (South Huangcheng Township) Beihuangcheng Township 北隍城乡 (North Huangcheng Township)
Islands
There are 32 islands in Changshan Islands, and 10 of them have permanent residential settlements. These islands were mostly formed by Proterozoic low-grade metamorphic rocks, with smaller amounts of Tertiary igneous rocks and Quaternary sedimentary rocks.
Climate
Changdao County is a warm temperate monsoon continental climate with moderate rainfall, moist air and mild climate. The average annual temperature is 11.9°C, and the average annual precipitation is 560 mm.
Demographics
Ten of the islands were occupied, and there were twenty-two uninhabited islands, some little more than sand spits. There is one large town, Tuoji Town (砣矶镇, population 8,495) and seven smaller towns with forty villages, with a total population in the county of 52,000.
At the end of 2020, Changdao County has 15,082 registered households and 40,898 registered population, including 21,944 urban population, 213 births and 284 deaths. The birth rate is 5.18‰, the death rate is 6.91‰, and the natural growth rate is -1.73‰.
Economy
The major occupation was aquaculture, producing products such as sea cucumbers, abalone, sea urchins, bivalves, kelp, scallops, prawns and fish. Tourism is also important; many of the villages sport resort hotels.
In 2020, the regional GDP of Changdao County will reach 744.597 million RMB, a decrease of 1.4% over 2019 in terms of comparable prices, and the added value of the primary industry will reach 478.123 million RMB, an increase of 6.4% over 2019. The added value of the secondary industry was 296.8 million RMB, an increase of 1.5% over 2019; The added value of the tertiary industry was 236.794 million RMB, down 12.2% from 2019. The composition of the three industries is 64.2:4.0:31.8. The per capita GDP is 195,947 RMB.
Transportation
The islands were regularly served by both a passenger and vehicle Roll On, Roll Off ferry from Penglai. There was a small military airport on the largest island, South Changshan Island.
highroad
By 2015, the mileage of Changdao County had reached 141.8 kilometers, and the density of the road network had reached 2.2 kilometers per square kilometer.
waterway
As of 2013, Changdao County has 13 transportation ports and 21 port berths. There are 52 transport vessels with an annual cargo throughput of 3.8 million tons and more than 2.6 million passengers. There are 14 waterways in the territory, including 3 international waterways, and more than 300 large passenger and cargo ships pass by every day, which is the only place for domestic and foreign ships to travel to and from Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning and other regions.
Tourism
Both Changdao National Forest Park and Changdao National Nature Reserve were located on the islands, which were on a cross-Bohai Sea flyway.