[163] As he actually did in the case of Henry VIII and Philip of Hesse.
[166] An allusion to the act that what he is writing is a "Prelude." See Introduction, p. 168.
[167] _Contra epistolam Manichaei_, 5, 6 (Migne, XLII, 176). Cf. below, p. 451.
[168] _De trinitate_, 9, 6, 10 (Migne, VIII, 966).
[170] The council that condemned and burned John Hus (1414-1418).
[171] Dionysius Areopagita, the pseudonym (cf. Acts 17:54) of the unknown author (about 500, in Syria?) of the neoplatonic writings, _Of the Celestial_, and _Of the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy_, etc.
[172] William Durandus the elder, died 1296.
[173] The Franciscan Bonaventura (Died 1274) in his _De reductione artium ad theologiara_.
[174] Donatus (ab. 350 A.D.), a famous Latin grammarian, whose _Ars minor_ was a favorite mediæval text-book. The chancellor of the University of Paris, John Gerson (Died 1429), published a _Donatus moralisatus seu per allegoriam traductus_--a mystical grammar, in which the noun was compared to man, the pronoun to man's sinful state, the verb to the divine command to love, the _adverb_ to the fulfilment of the divine law, etc.
[176] The so-called _character indelebilis_, the peculiar gift of ordination, so that "once a priest, always a priest." See above, p. 68, note 5.
[178] The stated daily prayers, fixed by canon, of the clergy. The seven hours are respectively: matins (including noctums and lauds), prime, tierce, sext, nones, vespers, and compline.
[179] Comp. above, p. 69. The fullest development of Luther's doctrine of the spiritual priesthood of believers is to be found in his writings against Emser, especially _Auf das überchristliche, übergeistliche und überkünstliche Buch Bock Emsers Antwort_, 1521.
[180] On the last sentence see above, pp. 251 f.
[187] This promise was fulfilled in the Liberty of a Christian Man.
[188] Thus Erasmus: _Fieri potest ut nomen commune cum apostolo praebuerit occasionem ut haec epistola lacobo apostolo ascriberetur, cum uerit alterius cuiusdam Iacobi._--Moffatt, _Introduction to the Lit. of the N. T._, p. 472.
[197] The _res sacramenti_. See above, p. 182, note 2.
[200] The remainder of Luther's "recantation" was the _De libertate_. In the letter to the pope, which accompanied it, he gave ample proof of his obedience.