Teotlalpan (Nahuatl: teōtlālpan or teuhtlālpan) was the pre-Columbian name of a region in the north of Valley of Mexico comprising what is today the Mezquital Valley in the state of Hidalgo and adjacent areas in the State of Mexico. The region was one of two regions settled by Otomí people, the other being the region around Jilotepec and Tula, Hidalgo. In the 18th century the name of the main part of the region came to be known as Mezquital.
History
After the fall of Tula Xicocotitlan, a large desert region was populated by the Otomi people and Nahua people, in this way making a new kingdom (1220-1395) from Tecpanecapan. They were later defeated by the tepanecs from Azcapotzalco. With the collapse of Xaltocan (old city-state inside Lake of Texcoco), the Otomies in 1395, escaped to the north by the attacks. Otomi people from Xaltocan occupied other lands as Teotlalpan, a land after the Lake Zumpango.
The annals actually show that the Mexicas had little interest in the area, in times of tepaneca dominion when Chimalpopoca ruled, was conquered Tequixquiac (1413) and its surroundings, later during the expansion of tenochca dominion, Moteuczoma Ilhuicamina submits Axocopan, Atotonilco and Xilotepec, however the consolidation of northern occurred until 1488 in the days of Ahuitzotl by the need for greater supply of materials for the great metropolis of Tenochtitlan.
The viceregal government justified this by religious orders means in Teotlalpan region, Franciscans and Augustinians was a evangelizers of indigenous people of The Teotlalpan; this land was very necessary the easy evangelization for the religious conquest from Huaxtec Region. This lands was scorned by tenochcas, with the delivery of encomiendas, the region was destined to be populated by Spaniards and to maintain a cattle activities.
Geography
This territory was known by Chichimeca-Nahuas as strange land, dangerous and arid planes or deserts, was administrated by Kingdom of Acolhuacan. The fields are irrigated along the Tula River, the edges of the rivers were used for irrigation and husbandry, the region is characterized by green river valleys and very dry hills.
Mountains partially bracket the area with Sierra de Tepotzotlán, Cerro Mesa Ahumada and Sierra de Tetzontlalpan to the south which have small oak forests, in the middle are the Cerro del Xicohco, to the east lies the Pachuca Range, at the northern end are the Sierra Juárez in Ixmiquilpan, and to the west lie the Sierra de Tecozautla.
It was never well defined the northern region of Valley of Mexico, but included the provinces of Hueypoxtla and Axacopan. It is said to begin at the end of Otompan, the altepeme as Huehuetoca, Coyotepec, Zitlaltepec, Itzcuincuitlapillan, Hueypoxtla, Tzompanco, Xilotzinco, Tequixquiac, Tetlapanaloya, Apazco, Ajoloapan, Zacacalco, Tetzontlalpan, Tolcayohcan, Tizayohcan, Tetzontepec, Cempoalan, Pachuca, Coscotitlan, Nopalapa, Nopancalco, Epazoyohcan and spread across arid valley now known as Mezquital Valley to places as Tepexi, Chantepec, Atotonilco, Tlachcoapan, Atitalaquia, Tetepanco, Tolnacuxtla, Tecama, Chilcuautla, Tepatepec, Mizquiahuala, Ixmiquilpan, Zimapan, Nopala, Tecozautla, Actopan, Chapantongo and all region bordering the mythical city of Tula.
Subsequent Uses
When the viceregal authorities within its changing and varied choice to name the Mexican territory (encomienda, mayorazgo, alcaldía mayor, corregimiento, capitanía, Etc.) are commissioned by the Spanish crown to develop a description of the territory, first from the clerical order with Archbishop Alonso de Montufar in 1570, who compiled from his friars the "Descripción del Arzobizpado de México" (see references below), then under the ordinance of King Philip II to develop the "Geographic relations" (Relaciones Geográficas) 1579 (some written in 1580 and 1582, the last until 1583), in both documents resorted to create the notion of "comarcas" (Term of use not clear during the 16th century) to designate small jurisdictions that showed some relationship (no historical support, rather was a criterion of neighborhood or proximity). Thus, in the absence of a better term, they used by simple logic the word Teotlalpan to demarcate indigenous towns inside north of the Valley of Mexico that showed more insulation populations and a drier environment.