The 1985 Hong Kong electoral reform introduced the first ever indirect election to the colonial legislature during the last years of the British colonial rule in Hong Kong. The reform proposals was first carried out in the Green Paper: the Further Development of Representative Government in Hong Kong in July 1984 right before the Sino-British Joint Declaration in December. The reform laid the foundation of the representative democracy in Hong Kong which developed throughout the last years of the colonial rule and succeeded by the democratic development in Hong Kong after the handover of Hong Kong in 1997.
Background
The Green Paper: the Further Development of Representative Government in Hong Kong was published in July 1984 before the Sino-British negotiations over the sovereignty of Hong Kong began which marked the intention of first large-scale constitutional reform in the colonial history. The 1980 Green Paper stated the continual evolution of the government system including the Executive Council and the Legislative Council. The formation of the District Boards and the first direct election in 1982 were followed by the 1980 Green Paper. In 1983 the membership of the Urban Council was increased to 30, half of whom were elected from direct constituencies on the further extended franchises.
A further democratic reform was considered in the Green Paper of 1984 published in July, months before the Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed which the United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China governments agreed on handing over Hong Kong from British to Chinese rule in 1997.
Green Paper
The Green Paper: the Further Development of Representative Government in Hong Kong was published by the Hong Kong government in July 1984 proposed a further representative government. The main aims of the proposals were: to develop progressively a system of government, the authority for which is firmly rooted in Hong Kong, which is able to represent authoritatively the views of the people of Hong Kong, and which is more directly accountable to the people of Hong Kong; to build this system on our existing institution, which have served Hong Kong well, and as far as possible, to preserve their best features, including the maintenance of the well established practice of government by consensus; and to allow for further development if that should be the wish of the community.
The main issues for consideration were the role, functions or composition of the Legislative Council, the Executive Council and the position of the Governor.
Legislative Council
The Green Paper suggested the introduction of the indirect election in two stages in 1985 and 1988 to the unofficial members of the Legislative Council (LegCo) by an electoral college consisting of Members of the Urban Council of Hong Kong, the new Regional Council to be established in 1986, and District Boards and functional groups or functional constituencies. It also suggested the length of term for the unofficial members should be three years. Furthermore, the number of the official members and appointed unofficial members was considered to be gradually reduced as the number of the indirect elected unofficial members was increased.
The Green Paper indicated a review to consider the possibility of introducing direct election on a constituency basis or a single territory-wide list.
Executive Council
The Green Paper suggested the introduction of a representative element into the Executive Council (ExCo) by proposing an indirect election of the unofficial members of the Executive Council by the unofficial members of the Legislative Council. The Green Paper proposed that 4 unofficial members of the Executive Council were to be elected by LegCo in 1988, increasing to 8 elected unofficial members in 1991.
Governor
The Green Paper suggested the Governor's power to appoint members of the Executive and Legislative Councils to be limited. It also suggested Governor to cease to be the President of the Legislative Council. The power of the Governor to oppose to the advice of the Executive Council was also considered to be removed. The method of selecting the Governor was also mentioned for consideration, with suggestions that the Governor be selected for appointment by the Queen through election by a college composed of all Unofficial Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils.