[Illustration: GENERAL JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON, C. S. A.]
[Illustration: GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET, C. S. A.]
As a result of the morning's fighting the whole Union line was pushed forward past the Warrenton Turnpike, extending from Keyes' position on Bull Run to where Porter and Willcox were posted, west of the Sudley Road. The Union troops felt not only that they had the advantage, but that they had won the battle; and this confidence, added to the fact that they were weary with marching and fighting, prepared them ill to meet the really serious work of the day, which was still before them.
{ 56} [Illustration: INTERIOR OF CONFEDERATE FORTIFICATION.]
{ 57} [Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL ROBERT PATTERSON.]
[Illustration: BREVET MAJOR-GENERAL E. B. TYLER.]
[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL CHARLES GRIFFIN.]
[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL O. O. HOWARD.]
[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES B. RICKETTS.]
Johnston and Beauregard came up in person to superintend the dispositions for defence. The line was formed on the edge of a semicircular piece of woods, with the concave side toward the Union advance, on an elevation some distance south of the first position. The Confederate artillery commanded both the Warrenton Turnpike and the Sudley Road (the latter passing through the woods), and the plateau between them was subject to a cross fire. Across this plateau the Union advance had to be made, and it was made under great disadvantages. His effective fighting force reduced by casualties, by the retirement of Burnside's brigade after a hard morning's fighting, and by the separation from the main army of Keyes' brigade, which made an ineffectual attempt to cross Young's Branch and get at the enemy's right, McDowell was no longer superior in numbers, as in the morning. His weary men had not only to fight, but to advance on an enemy in position--to advance over open ground on an enemy concealed in the woods, invisible even while their sharpshooters picked off his gunners at their batteries. The formation of the ground gave him no comprehensive view of the whole field, except such as he got by going to the top of the Henry house, opposite the Confederate centre; nor could his subordinate commanders see what the others were doing, and there was a good deal of independence of action among the Union troops throughout the remainder of the day.