The Conjunctions ma _if_, o, o'n _because, since_, are joined to the Pres. and Pret. Affirmative, and Fut. Subjunctive; as, ma ta e, _if he be_; o'n tha e, _since he is_; ma bhuail e, _if he struck_; o'n bhuail e, _because he struck_; ma bhuaileas tu, _if you strike_; o bhitheas sinn, _since we shall be_.
Na'm, na'n _if_, is joined only to the Pret. Subjunctive. { 163} The initial Consonant of the Verb loses its aspiration after this Conjunction; as, na'm bithinn, _if I were_; nan tuiteadh a' chraobh, _if the tree should fall_.
Ged _although_, is used before the Present and Preterite Affirmative, the Fut. Negative, and the Pret. Subjunctive; as, ged tha e, _though he be_; ged bha mi, _though I was_; ge do bhuail thu mi, _though you struck me_; ged bhuail thu mi, _though you strike me_; ged bheireadh e dhomh, _though he should give me_[112].
The Parts of Speech which are formed by derivation from other words are Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs. These are chiefly derived from Nouns and Adjectives, and a few from Verbs.
Derivative Nouns may be classed as follows, according to the varieties of their termination.
1. Abstract Nouns in _as_, formed from Adjectives or Nouns; as, from ceart _just_, ceartas _justice_; from diomhan _idle, vain_, diomhanas _idleness, vanity_; from caraid _a friend_, cairdeas contracted for caraideas _friendship_; from namhaid _an enemy_, naimhdeas contracted for namhaideas _enmity_.
2. Abstract Nouns in _achd_, formed from Adjectives, and sometimes, though more rarely, from Verbs and Nouns; as, from naomh _holy_, naomhachd _holiness_; from domhain _deep_, doimhneachd contracted for domhaineachd _depth_; from righ _a king_, rioghachd _a kingdom_; coimhid _to keep_, coimheadachd _keeping_; clachair _a mason_, clachaireachd _mason-work_; gobhain _a smith_, goibhneachd contracted for gobhaineachd _iron-work_, or rather _the trade or occupation of a smith_.
3. Abstract Nouns formed from the genitive of Adjectives, by adding _e_; as, from dall gen. doill _blind_, doille _blindness_; from geal gen. gil _white_, gile _whiteness_; from leasg gen. leisg _lazy_, leisge _laziness_; tearc gen. teirc _rare_, teirce _rarity_; trom gen. truim _heavy_, truime _heaviness_; truagh gen. truaigh _unhappy_, truaighe _misery_; uasal gen. { 165} uasail _noble_, uasaile contr. uaisle or by metath. uailse _nobility_.