Sex determination is based on morphological and anthropometric characteristics of both the post-cranial and cranial skeleton. The diameter of the femur head is 46 mm, well within the male range (Krogman 1962:143-146). The innominates showed narrow pubic portions and sub-pubic angles. The skull has distinctive muscle markings, large mastoid processes, heavy brow ridges, and a square chin, all of which are characteristically male.
The stature estimation was calculated from the length of the left femur and tibia, using Trotter and Gleser’s formula for Mongoloids (Trotter and Gleser 1958:120). It was calculated to be 5′8.6″ with a range from 5′7.3″ to 5′9.9″ (1.74 cm ± 3.24 cm). As indicated in Table 2, this individual was hyperbrachycranic or very broad headed. As in Burial 3, lambdoidal flattening was quite noticeable, probably a result of pressure of a cradle board.
Due to the poor condition of the material from the Utlaut site, anatomical comparisons other than male stature are not possible. Table 3 gives the stature comparisons of the Iowa-Nebraska Oneota material, and they suggest that for height of males, the Utlaut population are most similar to the males at the Leary site in Nebraska.
Table 1 Post-cranial Measurements (in millimeters) and Indices for Skeletal Material from The Utlaut Site, 23SA162W Burial 1 Burial 2 Burial 6 R L R L R L Femur
Maximum morphological length 451 455 — 485 — 454 A-P diameter midshaft 31 31.5 — — — 27.5 Transverse diameter midshaft 26 27.5 — — — 24 Maximum diameter of head — 46 — — — 46
Maximum morphological length — 390 — 380 (392)[1] 397 A-P diameter nutrient foramen — 40 — — 36 35 Transverse diameter nutrient — 23 — — 26 25 foramen Bicondylar breadth — 79 — — — —
Pilastric Index 119.24 114.28 — — — 116.67 Cnemic Index — 56.00 — — 72.22 71.42 Crural Index — 85.49 — — — 87.45
Table 2 Cranial Measurements (in millimeters) and Indices Burial 2
Parietal thickness near bregma (average) 3
Maximum length 161 Maximum breadth 150 Basion-bregma 128 Bizygomatic 126 Basi-nasal length 96.5 Basi-alveolar length 91 Nasion-alveolar height 68 Left orbital breadth 43 Left orbital height 34 Nasal breadth 24 Nasal height 52 Palatal length 46 Palatal breadth 39