See Helyot, _Hist. des ordres religieux_ (1792), vii. cc. 25-28 and 38-42; Wetzer and Welte, _Kirchenlexikon_ (2nd ed.), art. "Clara"; Max Heimbucher, _Orden und Kongregationen_ (1896), i. §§ 47, 48, who gives references to all the literature. For a scientific study of the beginnings see Lempp, "Die Anfänge des Klarissenordens" in _Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte_, xiii. (1892), 181 ff. (E.C.B.)
CLARET (from the Fr. _vin claret_, mod. _clairet_, wine of a light clear colour, from Lat. _clarus_, clear), the English name for the red Bordeaux wines. The term was originally used in France for light-yellow or light-red wines, as distinguished from the _vins rouges_ and the _vins blancs_; later it was applied to red wines generally, but is rarely used in French, and never with the particular English meaning (see WINE).
CLARETIE, JULES ARSÈNE ARNAUD (1840- ), French man of letters and director of the Théâtre Français, was born at Limoges on the 3rd of December 1840. After studying at the lycée Bonaparte in Paris, he became an active journalist, achieving great success as dramatic critic to the _Figaro_ and to the _Opinion nationale_. He was a newspaper correspondent during the Franco-German War, and during the Commune acted as staff-officer in the National Guard. In 1885 he became director of the Théâtre Français, and from that time devoted his time chiefly to its administration. He was elected a member of the Academy in 1888, and took his seat in February 1889, being received by Ernest Renan. The long list of his works includes _Histoire de la révolution de 1870-1871_ (new ed., 5 vols., 1875-1876); _Cinq ans après; l'Alsace et la Lorraine depuis l'annexion_ (1876); some annual volumes of reprints of his articles in the weekly press, entitled _La Vie à Paris; La Vie moderne au théâtre_ (1868-1869); _Molière, sa vie et son oeuvre_ (1871); _Histoire de la littérature française, 900-1900_ (2nd ed. 1905); _Candidat!_ (1887), a novel of contemporary life; _Brichanteau, comédien français_ (1896); several plays, some of which are based on novels of his own--_Les Muscadins_ (1874), _Le Régiment de Champagne_ (1877), _Les Mirabeau_ (1879), _Monsieur le ministre_ (1883), and others; and the opera, _La Navarraise_, based on his novel _La Cigarette_, and written with Henri Cain to the music of Massenet. _La Navarraise_ was first produced at Covent Garden (June 1894) with Mme Calvé in the part of Anita. His _OEuvres complètes_ were published in 1897-1904.