[178] Calloway, _Relig. System of the Amazulus_, p. 34; Hahn, _Tsuni ǁGoam_, p. 91; Garcia, _Origen de los Indios_, lib. iv., cap. 26.
[179] _Jour. Anthrop. Inst._, vols. v., p. 412, x., p. 280.
[180] They were called _huacanqui_. Montesinos, _Mems. Hist. sur l’ancien Perou_, p. 161.
[181] Garcia, _Origen de los Indios_, lib. iv., cap. 26; Torquemada, _Monarquia Indiana_, lib. vi., cap. 41.
[182] Hale, _Ethnog. and Philol. of the U. S. Explor. Exped._, p. 97.
[183] Hopkins, _Religions of India_, p. 97.
[184] Clark, _Indian Sign Language_, p. 241; Matthews, _Ethnog. of the Hidatsa_, p. 48, etc.
[185] See Frazer, _The Golden Bough_, _passim_.
[186] See, for illustrative examples, my _Primer of Mayan Hieroglyphics_, p. 49, etc.; and comp. Keary, _Outlines of Primitive Belief_, p. 63, _sq._
[187] A. d’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, tome ii., p. 365.
[188] Dorsey, _Siouan Cults_, pp. 390, 455; Alice C. Fletcher in _Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Science_, 1895 and 1896; Brinton, _Myths of New World_, pp. 118, 119, and _Nagualism_, pp. 42, 47, 48.
[189] As suggested by E. Bonavia, _Flora of the Assyrian Monuments_ (1894). This is a more likely interpretation than that of Dr. Tylor, that the conical object is the inflorescence of the male date palm; as it is in some bas-reliefs shown presented toward a city gate, a person, etc.
[190] Fechner, _Nana, oder das Seelenleben der Pflanze_.
[191] Curr, _The Australian Race_, vol. ii., p. 199; Palmer in _Jour. Anthrop. Inst._, vol. xiii., p. 292.
[192] A. d’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, tom. i., p. 240.
[193] A careful discussion of “Höhencultus,” by Baron von Andrian, may be found in the _Bericht der Deutschen Anthrop. Gesellschaft_, August, 1889. He believes the earliest form to have been that of the individualised height; later, that of its cosmic relations.
[194] On the Mexican cave-god, Oztoteotl, see my _Nagualism_, pp. 38-41.
[195] Walcott, _Sacred Archæology_, pp. 233, 236, etc.
[196] Dalton, _Ethnology of Bengal_, p. 59; Ling Roth, _Natives of Sarawak_, vol. ii., App., p. clxx.
[197] M. d’Estrey, in _L’Anthropologie_, tom. iii., pp. 712, _sq._, has made an interesting study of the lizard symbol in Polynesia, to which much could be added from other fields of primitive life.