Both the importance and the incestuous origin of this desire for chastity are clearly demonstrated by the infrequently recurring theme of the Virgin Mother in religion and mythology. _Cp._ below Ch. XIV.]
[Footnote 139: An interesting historical case of one whose career was probably influenced to a large extent by quite a number of the unconscious motives discussed in this chapter is that of King Henry VIII of England. See J.C. Flügel, "On the Character and Married Life of Henry VIII." _The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis_, 1920, I, 24.]
[Sidenote: Displacements of hate less complex than those of love]
In studying the hate aspects of the original Œdipus complex we saw that these aspects, on their first appearance and in so far as they depend on mere jealousy or envy, are secondary products, arising as a consequence of the love aspects. When the cause of the jealousy is removed by a successful displacement of the love impulse, there is no longer any reason for the continuance of the hate. It is probably for this reason that the displacements of the hate aspects appear to be, on the whole, less numerous and less complicated than those of the love aspects.
Certain forms of love displacement, it is true, necessarily imply, to some extent, correlative forms of hate displacement; as in the case (studied in the last chapter) of the transfer of love exclusively to married or betrothed persons or in the case of the rescue phantasy. In these cases the rival with whom the lover competes for the possession of the loved object or the tyrant from whose clutches the captive lady is snatched by the skill or daring of the youthful hero, are (in the light of psycho-analytic knowledge) manifest substitutes for the original rival or tyrant who existed in the person of the father. The intensity of hostile feeling of which these representatives become the objects may however vary very considerably from one instance to another, according as the emphasis of the whole phantasy is laid upon the elements of hatred or of love. Sometimes the hostile rival may be present only in a vague and shadowy form, constituting little more than a necessary background; as, for instance, in cases where the existence of some kind of opposition is essential to the arousal or enjoyment of love. In other cases, however, the hate element may be equal in importance to the love element, or may even constitute the predominant motive of the whole displacement.