[81] Pennant's "London," edit. 1793, p. 267.
[83] Cf. Ireland's "Hogarth," vol. i. p. 64, for description of this plate.
[85] Malcolm, in his "Londinum Redivivum," 1803 (vol. i. p. 351), says, "The back part of the hospital, next London Wall, is too near the street. I have been much shocked at the screams and extravagances of the sufferers when passing there. This circumstance is to be deplored, but cannot now be remedied."
[86] Proceedings of the Committee and Reports from Surveyors respecting the state of Bethlem Hospital in 1800 and 1804. London, 1805.
[87] Charity Commissioners' Report, 1837.
[88] Bethlem expended £606 in 1814 and 1816, in opposing the "Mad-house Regulation Bill."
[89] See Dr. Munk's "Roll of the College of Physicians," vol. i. p. 361. For notices of the Monros, see the same work. An interesting series of portraits of this family are in the possession of the College.
[90] "Roll of the College of Physicians," by Dr. Munk, vol. i. p. 428.
[93] Exemption from the operation of previous Acts had been obtained by 22 Geo. III., c. 77, s. 58; 9 Geo. IV., c. 40; and 2 and 3 Will. IV., c. 107, s. 62.
[94] A view of the hospital may be seen in the Print Room of the British Museum: vide manuscript "Index to Views," vol. viii. print 253. It is anything but inviting. Print 257 exhibits the building in Old Street.
[95] "The Battiad," attributed to Moses Mendez, Paul Whitehead, and Dr. Schomberg.
[96] See Thornbury's "Old and New London," vol. ii. p. 200.
[97] "Some Account of London," 3rd edit. 1793, p. 268.
[98] Manuscript memorandum of a visit to St. Luke's in 1812, by S. Tuke.
[99] These particulars are taken from St. Luke's Annual Report of 1851, containing a retrospective sketch of its history, for the use of which we are indebted to the present superintendent, Dr. Mickley. Statistics of recovery are given for different periods, but the fallacies attending such comparisons are so great that I have not cited the figures.
EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY ASYLUMS--FOUNDATION OF THE YORK RETREAT.
There were in England, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, private asylums for the insane, the beneficial treatment pursued in which was loudly vaunted in the public ear; but I am afraid the success was not equal to the promise or the boast. Thus, there was in London an old manor house in Clerkenwell, previously the residence of the Northampton family, which was converted into a private asylum by Dr. Newton the herbalist. His work, "The Herbal," was published by his son some years afterwards. There appeared in the _Post Boy_ (No. 741) in the year 1700 an advertisement from Dr. Newton, which runs as follows:--"In Clerkenwell Close, where the figures of Mad People are over the Gate, liveth one who by the blessing of God cures all Lunatick, distracted, or mad people; he seldom exceeds three months in the cure of the Maddest person that comes in his house; several have been cured in a fortnight and some in less time; he has cured several from Bedlam, and other mad-houses in and about the city, and has conveniency for people of what quality soever. No cure--No money."