I am unable to refer at present to the MS. of Oxenedes (Cotton, Nero, D 2), which appears to give the erroneous reading of _Tirualli_ for _Triualli_ or _Trivalli_; but Mr. Turner might have avoided the mistake by comparing that MS. with the printed text of Hoveden, in which Richard is represented as dating his letter "de Castello de Triuellis, in quo detinebamur."
_II._--Wright's _S. Patrick's Purgatory_ (Lond. 1844. 8vo.), p. 135.:
"On the patent rolls in the Tower of London, under the year 1358, we have an instance of testimonials given by the king (Edward III.) on the same day, to two distinguished foreigners, one _a noble Hungarian_, the other a Lombard, Nicholas de Beccariis, of their having faithfully performed this pilgrimage."
In a note on this passage, Mr. Wright reprints one of the testimonials from Rymer (_Foedera_, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 174.), in which is the following passage:
"Nobilis vir _Malatesta Ungarus de Arminio_ miles."
In the original deed, the text must have been _de Arimino_ (of Rimini); for the person here referred to was a natural son of Malatesta de' Malatesti, Lord of Rimini and of Pesaro, and took the name of _L'Ungaro_ in consequence of his having been knighted by Louis, King of Hungary, when the latter passed through the Malatesta territory, when he was going to Naples for the purpose of avenging his brother Andrew's death. In the Italian account of the family (Clementini, _Raccolto Istorico della Fondazione di Rimino_. Rimino, 1617-27. 2 vols. 4to.), L'Ungario is said have been a great traveller, _to have visited England_, and to have died in 1372, at the age of 45. (See also Sansovino, _Origine e Fatti delle Famiglie Illustri d'Italia_. Venetia, 1670. 4to. p. 356.)
I have just been exceedingly interested in reading a lecture on the _Origin and Progress of the English Language_, delivered at the Athenæum, Durham, before the Teachers' Society of the North of England, by W. Finley, Graduate of the University of France.
The following passage well expresses a caution that should be always kept in mind by the literary archæologist:
"In the orthography of English words derived from the Latin, _one great and leading principle_ must be kept in view. If the word is of new adoption, it is certain that its spelling will be like that which appears in the original word; or if it has come to us through the French, the spelling will be conformable to the word in that language; thus, persecution from _persequor_, pursue from _poursuivre_. Again, flourish from _fleurir_, efforescent, florid, &c., from _floreo_. And to establish our orthography on certain grounds, it ought to be the business of the lexicographer to determine the date of the first appearance of an adopted word, and thus satisfactorily determine its spelling." (_Lecture_, p. 20. footnote.)