Thus I have briefly touched upon the _Mexican_ part, and so much of the Northern Tract as is under the King of _Spain_ his Dominion, leaving more particulars, untill I come to shew the order of my being in and journeying through some of these Countries. I will now likewise give you a glimpse of the Southern Tract, and _Peruan_ part of _America_. Which containeth chiefly five great Countries or Kingdomes, some in whole, and others in part, subject to the Crown of _Spain_ and _Portugal_, which are, first _Castella aurea_; secondly, _Gujana_; thirdly, _Peru_; fourthly, _Brasile_; fifthly, _Chille_. But I will not fill my History with what others have written of the foure last named Countries, wherein I was not much; but what I could learne of _Peru_, I will briefly speak, and so come to the first _Castella aurea_, through which I travailed. _Peru_ is held to be yet more rich a Countrey then is _Mexico_; for although it hath not the conveniency of trafique by the North Sea, which _Mexico_ hath; but doth send the Commodities in it to _Panama_, and from thence transports them either over the straight _Isthmus_, or by the River _Chiagre_ to _Portabel_ upon the North Sea; yet the Countrey is farre richer then _Mexico_, by reason of the more abundance of Mines of silver which are in it. The mountaines named _Potosi_ are thought to be of no other metall, which the King of _Spain_ will not have to be opened until they have exhausted those which are already discovered and digged, and have found the _Spaniards_ worke enough, and yeelded them treasure enough ever since they first conquered those parts. The soile is very fruitfull of all such fruits as are found in _Spain_. The Olives are bigger then those of _Spain_, the oyle sweeter and cleerer. The Grapes yeeld also a wine farre stronger then any of _Spain_, and there is much made, by reason it cannot conveniently bee brought from _Spain_. There is likewise wheat in great store; and all this fruitfull soile lyeth low under high Mountaines which divide betwixt _Indians_ not as yet conquered and _Brasile_. But those Mountaines are a great helpe unto those pleasant Valleys with the waters that fall from them; for in all those parts inhabited by _Spaniards_ towards the South Sea, it is most certain and most observable that it never raineth, in so much that the houses are uncovered on the tops, and onely matts laid over them to keep off the dust, and yet is this Countrey what with the waters that fall from the Mountaines, what with the morning and evening dewes, as fruitfull and plentifull as any Countrey in the World. The chief City is called _Lima_, where there is a Viceroy and a Court of Chancery, and an Arch-Bishop. It hath a Port some two miles from it named _Callau_; where lie the ships that convey yearly the treasure of that Kingdome to _Panama_. There lie also other ships, which trafique to the _East-India's_, and to all the Coasts of _Guatemala_, and to _Acapulco_ the Southern Haven of _Mexico_. This Port of _Callau_ is not so strong as the great, nay inestimable wealth that is commonly in it and in the City of _Lima_ should require, for I have heard many _Spaniards_ say, that in the yeare 1620. a few ships of _Hollanders_ (as some say) or of _English_ (as others affirme) appeared before the Haven waiting for the ships that were to convey the Kings revenews to _Panama_, and hearing that they were departed (though by a false report) followed them, and so forsooke the attempting to take the _Callau_; which certainly had they manly attempted, they had taken it, and in it the greatest treasure that in any one part of the world could have beene found. But the _Spaniards_ seldome see thereabout foraine ships, and so live more carelesly in securing or strengthning that Coast. Though _Peru_ bee thus rich in fruits and Mines, yet _Chille_ farre exceedeth it in gold; which edgeth the _Spaniards_ to a constant and continuall Warre with the Inhabitants, which are a strong, warlike, and most valiant people. They are grown as skilfull in the use of weapons, swords, Pistols and Muskets as the _Spaniards_, and have taken many _Spaniards_, men and women prisoners; and or the _Spanish_ women have had so many children, called _Mestizoes_, that by them (who have proved most valiant) they have much increased both their strength and skill. They hold the _Spaniards_ hard to it, and the War is become the most dangerous of any the _Spaniards_ have; in so much that the Counsell of _Spain_ doth pick out from _Flanders_ and _Italy_, the best souldiers to send them thither. And a Captaine that hath served long, well and faithfully in _Flanders_, by way of credit and promotion is sent to the Warres of _Chille_, to fight for that great treasure of gold, which certainly is there.