THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND THE EMANCIPATION OF THE JEWS.
Foreshadowing of the French Revolution--Cerf Berr--Mirabeau on the Jewish Question in France--Berr Isaac Berr--The Jewish Question and the National Assembly--Equalization of Portuguese Jews--Efforts to equalize Paris Jews--Jewish Question deferred--Equalization of French Jews--Reign of Terror--Equalization of Jews of Holland--Adath Jeshurun Congregation--Spread of Emancipation--Bonaparte in Palestine--Fichte's Jew-hatred--The Poll-Tax--Grund's "Petition of Jews of Germany"--Jacobson--Breidenbach-- Lefrank--Alexander I of Russia: his Attempts to improve the Condition of the Jews of Russia _page_ 429
THE JEWISH-FRENCH SYNHEDRION AND THE JEWISH CONSISTORIES.
Jew-hatred in Strasburg--Bonald's Accusations--Plots against French Jews--Furtado--David Sinzheim--Assembly of Notables--Italian Deputies--The Twelve Questions--Debate on Mixed Marriages--The Paris Synhedrion--Its Constitution --Napoleon's Enactments--Israel Jacobson--Consistory of Westphalia--Emancipation in Germany--In the Hanse-Towns-- Restrictions in Saxony _page_ 474
The Jews in the Wars for Freedom--The Congress of Vienna-- Hardenberg and Metternich--Rühs' Christian Germanism-- Jew-hatred in Germany and Rome--German Act of Federation-- Ewald's Defense of Judaism--Jew-hatred in Prussia--Lewis Way--Congress at Aix--Hep, hep Persecution--Hartwig Hundt --Julius von Voss--Jewish Avengers _page_ 510
Börne and Heine--Börne's Youth--His Attitude to Judaism-- His Love of Liberty--His Defense of the Jews--Heine: his Position with Regard to Judaism--The Rabbi of Bacharach-- Heine's Thoughts upon Judaism--Influence of Börne and Heine _page_ 536
Segregation of the Jews--Its Results--Secession and Obstinate Conservatism--Israel Jacobson--His Reforms--The Hamburg Reform Temple Union--Gotthold Salomon--Decay of Rabbinical Authority--Eleazar Libermann--Aaron Chorin--Lazarus Riesser--Party Strife--Isaac Bernays--His Writings-- Bernays in Hamburg--Mannheimer--His Congregation in Vienna --Berlin Society for Culture--Edward Gans--His Baptism-- Collapse of the Society for Culture _page_ 557
AWAKENING OF INDEPENDENCE AND THE SCIENCE OF JUDAISM.
Dawn of Self-respect--Research into Jewish History--Hannah Adams--Solomon Löwisohn--Jost--His History--The Revolution of July (1830)--Gabriel Riesser--His Lectures-- Steinheim--His Works--His "Revelation"--Nachman Krochmal --Rapoport--Erter--His Poems--Rapoport's Writings-- Zunz--Luzzatto--His Exegesis--Geiger--The "Nineteen Letters" of Ben Usiel--New School of Reform--Joel Jacoby _page_ 589