was a Japanese communist activist and the founder and leader of Red Army Faction (Sekigunha), a schismatic militant subfaction of the Japan Communist League. He was the mastermind behind the hijacking of Japan Air Lines Flight 351 to North Korea in 1970, although his arrest just days prior prevented his direct participation in the incident.
Early life
Takaya Shiomi was born the son of a doctor on May 22, 1941, in Osaka, Japan. However, his family moved to Kamine Village, Wake district, Okayama prefecture (now Bizen city) when he was one year old to escape wartime bombing, and then resettled in Onomichi city in Hiroshima prefecture upon the conclusion of World War II. In 1962, he enrolled in the Faculty of Literature at Kyoto University, planning to major in philosophy. He soon became involved in communist activism, joining the "Kansai faction" of a New Left organization called the Communist League, better known by its German-derived nickname, "the Bund," which had recently fallen into schisms and disarray. Shiomi dropped out of university after just two years, but remained active in the Kansai Bund for the remainder of the 1960s.
Formation of the Red Army Faction
By 1968, Shiomi had risen to become one of the highest-ranking members of the Kansai Bund, which had since reconstituted itself as a national organization known as the . That year, Shiomi decided that even the militant Second Bund was not militant enough, and broke away to found his own subgroup called the "Red Army Faction" (RAF), which called for immediate, armed revolution and began making plans for a violent uprising in Japan, originally intended to coincide with the 1970 Anpo protests.
Shiomi's main theory in founding the Red Army Faction was that by first carrying out a successful armed proletarian revolution in Japan, Japan would become the headquarters of a worldwide revolution against the United States of America and its allies, and the Red Army Faction would become the leaders of that revolution.
Finding the rest of the Second Bund unamenable to the cause of immediate, armed revolution, Shiomi and his followers in the RAF signaled their open split from their parent organization by launching an assault on the Bund's National Congress held at Meiji University in Tokyo on July 5, 1969, briefly seizing control of the venue. The next day, Bund students from Chuo University launched a counter-attack, kidnapping Shiomi and others, and imprisoning them for three weeks in a stronghold on the Chuo University campus, where they were subjected to threats and torture. Although Shiomi and the others eventually managed escape by descending from a third floor window using a makeshift rope constructed from a curtain and a hose, during the escape Red Army Faction member Jо̄ji Mochizuki fell and hit his head and would die from his injuries several weeks later.
As a result of this incident, the Japan Communist Party expelled Shiomi and all other known members of the Red Army Faction the following month. On September 5, 1969, Shiomi and other RAF members publicly appeared at Hibiya Public Hall in Tokyo to declare the independence of the Red Army Faction from the Communist League and announce the start of an immediate, armed revolution. The Hall was surrounded by uniformed police, while plainclothes police officers photographed the 300 or so people present, many of whom wore ski masks to conceal their identities.
Launch of armed struggle
On September 21, 1969, members of the Red Army Faction threw molotov cocktails at three police boxes in Osaka, in an incident grandiosely recollected by RAF members as the "Osaka War." Similarly on September 30, RAF members threw molotov cocktails at the Motofuji police box in Tokyo, which they then declared to have been the "Tokyo War."
Meanwhile, the group planned more substantive attacks against government agencies and the Prime Minister's official residence, for which they began "training" at the Daibosatsu mountain pass northwest of Tokyo. However, on November 5, 1969, having been tipped off by informants, police raided the inn where the student militants were sleeping, arresting 53 group members (including many of Shiomi's key lieutenants, although Shiomi was not among them) and capturing detailed plans for the intended attacks. Realizing that the RAF could no longer operate openly in Japan, Shiomi took the organization underground, and began searching for a way to escape Japan so they could continue their guerrilla training overseas.