Beary or Byari (ಬ್ಯಾರಿ ಬಾಸೆ Byāri Bāse) is a Dravidian language spoken by the Muslim communities mainly of Karnataka (Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts) and extreme northern end of Kerala like Manjeshwaram, Kunjathur, Uppala, Hosangadi of Kasaragod district (Byaris). Bearys speak a language made of Malayalam idioms with Tulu phonology and grammar. This language is traditionally known as Mappila Bashe because of Bearys' close contact with Mappila, the Malayali Muslims. Due to the intensive influence of Tulu for centuries, it is today considered close to both Tulu and Malayalam.
Features
The language uses the Arabic and Kannada alphabets for writing. Being a distant cousin of other dialects of Malayalam and surrounded by other linguistic groups for centuries, mainly Tulu, the dialect exhibits ancient features as well as modern innovations not seen in other well-known dialects of Malayalam. Surrounded by Tulu-speaking populations, the impact of Tulu on the phonological, morphological and syntactic structure of the dialect is evident.
Distinction of ḻ, ṇ, ṟ
Sounds peculiar to Malayalam such as 'ḻ', 'ṇ', 'ṟ' are not found in this dialect. 'ḷ' and 'ṇ' are merged with l and n, respectively. 'ṟ' is merged with r and tt, 'tt' to t. This resembles Tulu.
v > b
The initial v of standard Malayalam corresponds to an initial b in Beary Bashe. The same change has taken place in Tulu, too.
Some dialects. This orthographic representation is phonemic. On a phonetic level, it often becomes , which is closer to the Tulu and Beary Bashe forms. This occurs because of a rule whereby voiced plosive consonants are intervocalic allophones of their unvoiced counterparts. However, this only applies to native Dravidian words, and as vāṭaka is a Sanskrit loanword, the prescriptively correct pronunciation is indeed .
Distinction of 'a' and 'e'
The final 'a' of standard Malayalam corresponds to the final 'e' in Beary Bashe.
Distinction of 'n' and 'm'
The word final 'n' and 'm' of standard Malayalam are dropped in Beary Bashe.
Degeminated consonants
Geminated consonants occurring after a long vowel and also after a second short vowel of a word in standard Malayalam get degeminated in Beary Bashe.
Lexical relations
Almost all lexical items in Beary Bashe can be related to corresponding lexical items in Malayalam, Tulu or Perso-Arabic origin. However, some equivalents can only be found in Mappila dialects of Malayalam in Kerala.
Person endings
Verbs in old Dravidian languages did not have any person marking. Person endings of verbs observed in modern Dravidian languages are later innovations. Malayalam is the only Dravidian language that does not show any verbal person suffixes, so Malayalam verbs can be said to represent the original stage of Dravidian verbs (though Old Malayalam did have verbal person suffixes at some point). Person suffixes in Beary Bashe closely resemble those of Tulu, although the past tense in this dialect agrees with that of standard Malayalam in shape as well as in the distribution of allomorphs.
Arabic influence
Beary Bashe is strongly influenced by the Arabic language. Nativised Arabic words are very common in everyday speech, especially in coastal areas. Saan, Pinhana, Gubboosu, Dabboosu, Pattir, Rakkasi, Seintaan, and Kayeen are a few examples of Beary words with Arabic roots. Beary Bashe also has words related to Tamil and Malayalam. Tamil and Malayalam Speakers can understand Beary up to an extent of 75%.
Beary language films
The first Beary-language feature film Byari shared the award for the best feature film at the 59th Indian National Film Awards.