Present-day Irish has numerous loanwords from English. The native term for these is béarlachas (), from , the Irish word for the English language. It is a result of bilingualism within a society where there is a dominant, superstrate language (in this case, English) and a minority substrate language with few or no monolingual speakers and a perceived "lesser" status (in this case, Irish).
Types
Anglicisms exists in many forms, from the direct translation of English phrases to the common form of creating verbal nouns from English words by adding the suffix -áil (this is also used to form verbs from native roots, such as trasnáil, "cross over", from trasna "across", tuigeáil (Connacht, Ulster) "understanding" (Munster tuiscint), from tuig "understand", and so on). Táim ag runáil go dtí an siopa ("I'm running towards the shop") is an anglicism, as "runáil" is a verb created from the English word "run" with the Irish suffix -áil attached; the traditional Irish for this would be Táim ag rith go dtí an siopa.
Calquing also occurs: an English phrase is literally translated into Irish, even though an equivalent Irish phrase already exists. An example of this is "Moilligh síos" ("slow down" – moill "delay" + síos "downwards", calqued from English), instead of the more traditional Maolaigh ar do luas ("reduce your velocity"), or simply Maolaigh! ("Slow down!").
Old borrowings
Many words that are commonly thought by "purists" to be anglicisms have been a part of the Irish language for a long time, and have become "nativised". At the same time, certain words that are sometimes assumed to be from English are actually from Norse or Norman French, and as such are not true anglicisms. For example:
liosta: "list" () aidhm: "aim" (Norman French ; where cuspóir is considered by some to be the 'native' Irish word) véarsa, béarsa [the b- form considered to be uneducated dialect]: "verse" (Norman French ; the Irish word is rann) cathaoir: "chair" (both words derive from Latin ) sciorta: "skirt" (both words are from Norse skyrta) cóta: "coat" (both words are from Anglo-Norman cotte) forc: "fork" (both from Latin furca) pláta: "plate" (both from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata) grúpa: "group" (both from French groupe) seans: "chance" (both from Old French chance) coinneal: "candle" (both ultimately from Latin candēla) páipéar: "paper" (Old Irish páipér; both words derive from Old French paper, papier) leathar: "leather" (Old Irish lethar, Old English leþer; both words derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *létrom)
Other words are 'early anglicisms', having entered the language in the 18th and 19th centuries:
praghas: "price" (also possibly from Norman French , ) dabht: "doubt" (the Irish words are: amhras, gó)
The word péint may have been borrowed directly from English "paint" or from Old French peint. The verb pinntél ("to paint") appears in some Old Irish works.
Other words are actually Celtic roots that have entered English: carr: "car" (Old Irish carr, "wagon", from Proto-Celtic karros) cros: "cross" (the Irish word is from Latin crux; the English form with -s at the end may be a borrowing directly from Old Irish) clog: "clock" (Old Irish cloc, Latin clocca, possibly of Celtic derivation) peata: "pet (animal)" (entered English from Scottish Gaelic, from Middle Irish pet[t]a; possibly from French petit, "small," or Brittonic *petti-, "thing, piece") iarann: "iron" (both words ultimately derive from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom, "iron")
False cognates
The word ród ("road, route"), most commonly seen in iarnród (iron road, i.e. railway) is actually derived from Old Irish rót (from ro-sét, "great path", or rōut, "distance, length") and is not a borrowing of English road, although it may have been influenced by the Old English root rād ("riding").
Oighean, the Irish word for "oven", is not derived from the English; it comes from Middle Irish aigen ("cooking-vessel, pan"), from Celtic root *aginâ ("vessel"). English oven is from Old English ofn, from Proto-Germanic *uhnaz.
Dé (a term used before names of days of the week, as in Dé hAoine, "Friday"), is a false cognate: it derives from Latin dies, which is from Proto-Italic *djēm, PIE *dyḗws ("heaven"), while English "day" is from Old English dæġ, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz.
Domhan ("world") is derived from a Celtic root *dubnos, meaning "deep"; it is not related to English domain, which is ultimately from Latin domus, "house".