3. Through the influence of such common adverbs as _entz_ ＜ _ĭntus_, _fors_ ＜ _fŏris_, _ios_ ＜ _deōrsum_, _mais_ ＜ _magis_, _mens_ ＜ _mĭnus_, _nemps_ ＜ _nĭmis_, _plus_ ＜ _plūs_, _sotz_ ＜ _sŭbtus_, _sus_ ＜ _sūrsum_, s, coming to be regarded as an adverbial ending, was often added to the suffix _-men_ (_belamens_), to many other adverbs, as _ensem-s_, _era-s_, _onca-s_, _poissa-s_, and to some prepositions, as _sen-s_ (cf. _tras_, _vers_, etc.). By the analogy of such double forms, we have _for_, _men_ beside _fors_, _mens_.
4. _Magis_, used as a proclitic, probably became in Vulgar Latin ✱_mais_ and ✱_mas_, whence Provençal _mais_ and _mas_. For _mai_, see 1 above.
T, in independent words, fell very early, except in the preterit of verbs; there it was retained in most dialects in weak preterits of the first and third conjugations, in many dialects in weak preterits of the fourth, but disappeared in strong preterits: _amat_ ＞ ama, _cantābat_ ＞ cantava, _dar_’ ✱_hat_ ＞ darạ, _dōnet_ ＞ dọn, _stat_ ＞ estạ, _partībat_ ＞ partia, _placet_ ＞ platz, _tenēr_’ + _-ē_(_b_)_at_ ＞ tenria, _vĕnit_ ＞ ven; _donāvit_ ＞ donęt donę, _vēndĭdit_ ✱_vendĕ́dit_ ＞ vendęt vendę, _partīvit_ _partīt_ ＞ partị partịt, _placuit_ ＞ plac, _vīdit_ ＞ vi. In the proclitics _et_ and ✱_ot_ (= _aut_), the t fell before consonants; before vowels it became d, which, under the influence of _ad_ and _quĭd_, developed like an original d: _et_ ＞ e, eð ez; ✱_ot_ ＞ o, oð oz; later, e and o came to be used often before vowels also.
83. Ks remained in Vulgar Latin at the end of monosyllables only (§ 55, X); there it became, in Provençal, is: _rēx_ ＞ rẹis, _sĕx_ ＞ sęis. _Grecx_, _nicx_ are Latinisms.
Nt was generally reduced to n; but in the extreme north and some parts of the south the t was retained in _-ant_: _amant_ ＞ aman, _habē(b)ant_ ＞ avian aviant; _cantent_ ＞ canten; _vēndunt_ ＞ vẹndon. In some dialects the n fell after o, u (vẹndo, au); _-on_ and _-o_ were used concurrently by the poets.
84. For certain consonant changes no laws have been established.[81] Some of them doubtless originate in the language of children, which is governed by principles different from those which regulate the speech of adults. Others are due to vague associations of sound or sense. Borrowed and learned words are especially exposed to such whimsical alteration.