Falk Harnack (2 March 1913 – 3 September 1991) was a German director and screenwriter. During Germany's Nazi era, he was also active with the German Resistance and toward the end of World War II, the partisans in Greece. Harnack was from a family of scholars, artists and scientists, several of whom were active in the anti-Nazi Resistance and paid with their lives.
Early life
Falk Erich Walter Harnack was the younger son of the painter Clara Harnack (née Reichau) and literary historian Otto Harnack; a nephew of the theologian Adolf von Harnack and Erich Harnack, professor of pharmacology and chemistry; the grandson of theologian Theodosius Harnack and the younger brother of the jurist and German Resistance fighter Arvid Harnack. He was also a cousin of the theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Ernst von Harnack, who, like his brother and sister-in-law, Mildred Harnack, also became victims of the Third Reich. Harnack never got to know his father, who committed suicide in 1914.
Through his older brother, Harnack early learned about humanism through which he came into contact with people who later became members of the Red Orchestra. The acquaintances made a big impression on him and so he recoiled from Nazi propaganda. After going to school in Weimar, he continued his education near Jena, where he received his abitur in 1932. In 1933, he began attending university, first in Berlin and after 1934 in Munich. There, in May, he took part in disseminating fliers against the National Socialist German Students' League. He received his doctorate with a dissertation on Karl Bleibtreu in 1936 and the following year, began working at the Nationaltheater Weimar and the state theatre in Altenburg. He worked there as a director until 1940, when he was drafted into the Wehrmacht.
War years
In 1942, Hans Scholl, Alexander Schmorell and other members of the Munich Resistance group the White Rose got in touch with Harnack through Lilo Ramdohr, a mutual friend who had gone to school with Harnack. Through him, they hoped to build a relationship with the Berlin Resistance members who were involved with Harnack's brother, Arvid, Harro Schulze-Boysen, Hans von Dohnanyi and others. Harnack put them in touch with his cousins, Klaus and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. The same year, the Gestapo intercepted communications revealing the existence of the Red Orchestra and leading to numerous arrests. Many of those arrested were later executed, including Harnack's brother on 22 December 1942 and, on 16 February 1943, his sister-in-law, Mildred Harnack, an American citizen. Ramdohr was engaged to Falk Harnack, which Arvid mentioned in his farewell letter to his family that was written hours before his execution.
Though his brother had just been executed, Harnack went to Munich to meet with Sophie and Hans Scholl on 3 February 1943. He and Hans agreed to meet again on 25 February, but Harnack waited in vain since he had already been arrested and executed, along with his sister. Thirteen other members of the White Rose were taken into custody, including Kurt Huber, Willi Graf and Harnack. Of the lot, Harnack was the only one acquitted. The others were found guilty and condemned to death, some being executed the same day they were tried by the Volksgerichtshof, the civilian "People's Court". On 19 April 1943, Harnack was acquitted because of a lack of evidence and "unique special circumstances".
In August 1943, he was removed from service to the Wehrmacht and transferred to a penal battalion, the 999th Light Afrika Division, and sent to Greece. In December 1943, he was to be arrested and sent to a Nazi concentration camp, but his superior, Lieutenant Gerhard Fauth, tipped him off and helped him escape. He then joined the Greek partisans fighting the Nazis, worked with the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) and co-founded the Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany with Gerhard Reinhardt and became the leader of the organisation.
Postwar years
After the war, Harnack returned to his career as a director and dramaturge, first working at the Bavarian state theater in Munich. In 1947, he began working at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin. From 1949 to 1952, he was the artistic director at DEFA, where he made the film The Axe of Wandsbek, adapted from a book by Arnold Zweig. According to Zweig's son, the movie is based on a true story and may also relate to the events of Altona Bloody Sunday in Hamburg.