[178] See Plate VI, fig. 5. This flag, which tradition connects with Blake himself, has been preserved at Chatham Dockyard from time immemorial, but was recently loaned by the Admiralty to the Royal United Service Institution, where it may now be seen. Mr Fraser has discussed its connection with Blake in his book _The Fighting Fame of the King's Ships_, 1910, p. 110.
[179] E.g. R. Nooms (Zeeman), _Zeegevecht voor Livorno_ (1653), and J. A. Beerstraten, _Zeeslag by ter Heide_ 1653, in the Rijks Museum at Amsterdam. Also in etchings by Zeeman. See Plate V, fig. 3.
[180] _Letters and Papers relating to the First Dutch War_ (N. R. S.), III, 189.
[181] Bodl. _Rawlinson_ A 227. Order of Navy Commissioners hastening supply of flags for the fleet, dated 2nd March, 1653: "3 Standards of ye usuall colo^{ rs} w^{ th} ye field Red, 4 fflags of ye Jack colo^{ rs}." Cf. also Instructions of Vice Adm. Goodson to Penn 21 June, 1655: "You shall wear the jack-flag upon the maintop masthead during your continuance in the service aforesaid" (_Memorials of the Professional Life and Times of Sir Wm Penn_, II, 116.)
[183] See Plate VI, fig. 6. The quarterly form was best adapted to admit of this surcharge, as the harp was to occupy the centre of the Union flag.
[184] _S. P. D. Inter._ CXCV, 162. Presumably "ye former fashion" refers to the pre-Commonwealth flags still in store, as the Parliament jack and flag would not lend itself to conversion into the new form.
[185] Nominally in joint commission with Monk as General at Sea.
[186] _S. P. D. Inter._ CCIII, 69. This standard was the same as that in use from 1649 to 1658.
[189] I.e. covering over the escutcheons containing the cross and harp.
[190] _Memoirs of the English Affairs, chiefly Naval_..., 1729.
[193] Not a difficult matter, to judge from some of the "union flags" flown by foreign men-of-war at the Naval Review at Spithead in 1911.
[194] Mayo, _The Trinity House of London_, 1905, p. 44.
[197] The name "Budgee," in flag-books of the early eighteenth century, is derived from Bugia (Bougie) in Algeria. In the tenth century this was one of the most important seaports in North Africa, but in the seventeenth century it was fast falling into decay, and beyond the fact that the Algerine pirates lying there were successfully attacked by Sir Edward Spragge in 1673 there was nothing to connect the name with the English navy.