1. _Palai_ (beside _palatz_ _-aitz_ _-ais_) may have been made from _palais_ (used by Bertran de Born and in _Flamenca_) by dropping the s which was regarded as an inflectional ending. It was perhaps influenced by such words as _bais_ _bai_: cf. Sy. A clerical Latin ✱_palasium_, however, would account, not only for _palai_ _palais_, but also for French _palais_ and for Italian _palagio_.
2. Modern _poijon_ (Alps) and _rajo_ (Limousin) have perhaps followed the analogy of such words as _maison_ _maijon_ _majon_: cf. Sy.
3. _Escoisson_ ＜ _excŭtiunt_ seems to follow ✱_escois_ ＜ _excŭtio_. It was perhaps influenced by _conoisson_ ＜ _co(g)nōscunt_.
4. Some of the modern western dialects have d in _radon_, _sadon_, etc. = _razo_, _sazo_, etc.
6. GROUPS BEGINNING WITH L, M, N, R, OR S.
74. (1) Of the groups beginning with l (and not ending in l, r, w, or y), the following remained unchanged (except that c before a became tš in the north and northwest).-- lb, lc (and llc), lg (llg), lm, lp, lv: _alba_ ＞ alba; _calcāre_ ＞ calcar, _collocāre_ ✱_colcāre_ ＞ colcar (-char); _collocare_ ✱_collogare_ ✱_colgare_ ＞ colgar; _hëlm_ ＞ ęlm, _ŭlmum_ ＞ ọlm; _cŏlăphum_ ✱_cŏlpum_ ＞ cǫlp (κόλπος ＞ gọlfe is unexplained); _calvum_ ＞ _calv_ (= calf?), _salvāre_ ＞ salvar. Ld, ls (lls), lt (llt) were regularly unchanged except for the vocalization of the l: see below. Lc´ (llc´) became lts, and then the l was vocalized: see below. Lc´p became lp in _calce pīsāre_ ＞ calpisar. Lg´, llg´, have been treated in § 73. Lvs, lvt became ls, lt, and then the l was vocalized: see below.
(2) L became u before the dental consonants d, s, t in most of the dialects. The vocalization seems to have begun in the 8th century and to have progressed through the literary period and later. It is difficult to trace it, as _l_ long continued to be written for u. In modern Provençal, ls remains in Languedoc, lt in Rouergue. _Auça_ occurs in the _Boeci_. The l was probably first retracted, to differentiate it from the following dental; and then this velar l was opened into u. Ex.: _cal(ĭ)daria_ ＞ caudiera, _cal(ĭ)dum_ ＞ caut, _sŏl(ĭ)dum_ ＞ sǫlt sǫut; _falsum_ ＞ fals faus, _malos_ ＞ mals maus, _valles_ ＞ vals vaus; ✱_fallĭta_ ＞ fauta, _mŭltum_ ＞ mọlt mọut, ✱_tŏllĭtum_ ＞ tǫlt tǫut; _dŭlcem_ ＞ dọlz dọutz dọus, _pŏllĭcem_ ＞ pǫutz, _salĭcem_ ＞ sautz; _calvus_ ＞ ✱cals caus, ✱_vŏlvĭta_ ＞ vǫlta vǫuta. So ✱_altiat_ ＞ auça aussa, ✱_calceare_ ＞ cauçar caussar: cf. § 73, Lc´y, Lty. In dọs (= dọus) and mọt (= mọut) the ọ seems to have absorbed the u. Cf. § 65, L.