The data processing inequality states that the quantum relative entropy between two states $\rho$ and $\sigma$ can never increase by applying the same quantum channel $\mathcal{ N}$ to both states. This inequality can be strengthened with a remainder term in the form of a distance between $\rho$ and the closest recovered state $(\mathcal{ R} \circ \mathcal{ N})(\rho)$, where $\mathcal{ R}$ is a recovery map with the property that $\sigma = (\mathcal{ R} \circ \mathcal{ N})(\sigma)$. We show the existence of an explicit recovery map that is universal in the sense that it depends only on $\sigma$ and the quantum channel $\mathcal{ N}$ to be reversed. This result gives an alternate, information-theoretic characterization of the conditions for approximate quantum error correction.
Categories: quant-ph cs.IT math-ph math.IT math.MP