[Illustration: PLATE LXI. 1, Hippa talpoida. 2, Albunæa gibbesii. 3. 1, Porcellana sayana; 2, Petrolisthes armatus; 3, Petrolisthes sexspinosus. 4, Lithodes maia.]
[Illustration: Plate LXII. Echidnocerus cibarius. Cryptolithodes sitchensis. Echidnocerus foriminatus. Phyllolithodes papillosus.]
^E. cibarius.^ This curious crab has the carapace raised in front into a large cone-like elevation terminating in a long point. Three prominent but smaller cones extend across the center of the back, and two still smaller ones occur on the posterior sides and in the middle of the posterior margin. The whole surface of the carapace is covered with coarse granulations arranged in rosette-like groups. The chelipeds and legs are beset with large tubercles and fold together in such a manner that when retracted the crab is a close, compact, box-like mass, with a very rough, [pg271] spiny armature. The antennæ are broad at the base and covered with small spines on the sides and upper surface, and the eye-stalks are also spiny. This crab sometimes attains the size of ten inches across the carapace and a weight of seven pounds, being among the largest crabs known. It is found at the mouth of the Columbia River and along the northwest coast. (Plate LXII.)
^E. foriminatus.^ This species resembles /E. cibarius/ in the manner of closing the feet, forming a compact, box-like, spiny armature. The body is more depressed than that of the latter, and the cone-like elevations on the back are less prominent. The spines are hairy. The characteristic feature of this species is a semicircular cut in the second joints of the chelipeds, directly opposite to similar depressions in the first walking-legs, so that when the feet are folded a round hole is left, through which water flows freely to the gill-openings, which might, without these open holes, be obstructed by the close folding of the legs against the carapace. Found off the California coast near San Francisco. (Plate LXII.)
^A. hispidus.^ The whole body in this species, including the legs, is covered with hairy spines. The abdomen is broad, and covers about the whole under surface of the body, and is also beset with hairy spines, but they are less prominent than those on the upper side. The rostrum, terminating in spines, reaches to the tips of the eye-stalks, which are also spiny. The chelipeds are larger and longer than the walking-feet; the latter taper to a point, ending in a sharp nail. The shape of the body resembles somewhat that of a toad. This is a deep-water species, but it is sometimes brought ashore at Monterey, California, by fishermen who find it in the stomachs of fishes.