District of Ferizaj is one of the districts of Kosovo. Ferizaj is the seat of the district.
Municipalities
The district of Ferizaj consists of five municipalities and 126 settlements.
The city of Ferizaj was inhabited during the prehistoric era by the Starčevo culture, Vinča culture and Baden cultures. During the Ottoman period, Ferizaj was a trading center on the route between Belgrade and Thessaloniki. Camp Bondsteel, a United States Army base and the largest, most expensive American foreign military base in Southeast Europe since the Vietnam War, was built there in 1999.
Ferizaj is in south-eastern Kosovo, about halfway between Pristina and Skopje, North Macedonia. It is about north-east of Tirana, north of Skopje, west of Sofia, south of Pristina and 300 km east of Podgorica. Ferizaj is a location of a river bifurcation; the Nerodimka river divides into two branches, which flow to two different seas.
Ethnic groups
All the municipalities have an Albanian majority: Ferizaj (95.9 percent), Shtime (96.8 percent), Kaçanik (99.9 percent) and Hani i Elezit (99.5 percent). Štrpce has a mixed population of Albanians (54.1 percent) and Serbs.
History
The town (known as Ferızovık when it was part of the Ottoman Empire) was little more than a village until 1873, when it became part of the Belgrade-Thessaloniki railway. Its name derives from a hotel owned before 1873 by Feriz Shasivari.
The oldest known cultural group, in the 6th and 5th millennia BC in Kosovo, was the Starčevo culture. They lived near rivers and river terraces. Their houses were built of willows and mud, and their main occupation was agriculture.
The Vinča culture, who replaced the Starčevo culture around 4300 BC, also lived near rivers. The settlements were unfortified, with dense rows of willow-and-mud houses. Remnants of their culture include ceramic vessels and large numbers of baked-clay figures. The Bubanj-Hum culture, which replaced the Vinča culture from present-day Bulgaria, left few artifacts. The Baden culture arrived from the Danube in its southernmost expansion, ending before the end of the 3rd millennium BC.
Antiquity
From the 8th century BC to the Roman conquest, the Dardani inhabited the region. They cremated their dead and buried their remains in tumuli. Two necropolises have been found; one in the Kuline area near the railway station in Gërlicë, and the other in the Mollopolc region along the Ferizaj-Štimlje road.
Around 280 BC, the Dardani were reportedly ruled by a king. Most surviving information on the Dardani concerns their wars against the Macedons. The first contact between the Dardani and the Romans was in 200 BC, when they offered military assistance against Macedonia. In 96 BC, the Roman emperor Sulla subdued the Dardani. A number of Roman settlements were founded across the valley, on the old lake terraces. These settlements had a road network connecting cities such as Ulpiana and Skopje, part of the road connecting Macedonia to Dalmatia via Ferizaj and the gorge of Kaçanik. Parts of the road were discovered on the riverbed of the Lepenac and near the villages of Doganaj and Reka.
Middle ages
The region was on a road which ran south from Slovenia and Croatia through Sarajevo, Vushtrri, Pristina and Lipjan to Skopje and crossed the Shkodër–Prizren road. According to an anonymous 1559–1560 manuscript in the library of St Mark's Basilica in Venice by a traveler from Venice to Istanbul, "On July 3 set off and came to a place named Villa Negra Crnoljeva) ... The valley is surrounded on all sides by hills." The writer then passed Sopotnice, a village near Kaçanik, and reached Skopje on July 5. Many artifacts have been found at Nerodimë e Poshtme and Štimlje.
According to a 1455 Turkish census of the former Branković dynasty, the Ferizaj region had 646 villages. Agriculture was the basic source of income, and other occupations included blacksmiths, potters, furriers, ranchers, and priests and monks.
After the Austrian-Turkish wars of the late 17th century and the first half of the 18th century, rapid Islamization began under the Ottoman Empire. According to Turkish sources, "Feriz-Bey" was founded with the railway from Skopje to Mitrovica. Although it was first known as "Tasjon" by the surrounding villagers (the Turkish pronunciation of the French station), the name Ferizaj derived from Feriz Shasivari.