The Code of Conduct for Syrian Coexistence () is a document that stipulates eleven principles for the future of Syrian society. According to its authors and signatories these principles shall serve as a bedrock for a new social contract between different communities and social groups in Syria.
History
According to congruent news reports by German, Italian, French and Arabic media, the Code of Conduct for Syrian Coexistence was signed in November 2017 in Berlin after several months of secret negotiations between community leaders and notables from Syria and the Syrian diaspora. Its motivation was to overcome the ethno-sectarian divide in the Syrian civil war and to reach understanding beyond political affiliations with the Syrian opposition or the regime of president Bashar al-Assad. Among the founders of this initiative were representatives of various ethnic and religious communities, such as Sunni Arabs, Alawites, Kurds, Christians and, at a later stage, Druze, Ismailis, Turkmens, Yazidis and Circassians. Several leaders of the major tribal federations in Syria (e.g. the Shammar, 'Anizzah, Uqaydat) are reported to have participated in the negotiations.
The original document was written in Arabic; the English translation was published subsequently on a website close to the initiative. The term 'coexistence' in the title of the document is a rather approximate translation of the Arabic 'aish mushtarak which literally means 'living together' and can be seen as more interactive than 'coexistence' would suggest.
The 11 articles of the Code
I. Recognition Of The Territorial Integrity Of Syria
II. Disclosure And Recognition
Syria's current state of affairs and its decomposition must be admitted and recognized without exaggeration, false courtesy, or embellishment. Opening up to reality marks the first step of a discussion conducive to address the causes of fears among all elements of society.
III. No Victor, No Vanquished
In Syria's society, and among its communities, there are neither victors nor vanquished. The excruciating war has spawned losers alone, namely the Syrian people in their entirety.
IV. No Side Is Innocent
No armed conflict party can claim to be inculpable. Therefore, the parties must concede and admit their respective wrongdoings against the Syrian people.
V. Accountability, Not Revenge
Accountability for violations and atrocities is key to build the country anew. This shall not be confused with revenge or collective accusations. Accountability is individual. No member of a community shall be judged for misdeeds committed by a coreligionist or member of his or her community.
VI. Repair The Damage, Restitute and Compensate
To admit the need for compensation of every affected Syrian and restore what was stolen from them, including their right to return to the homes they were deprived of since March 2011. Their claims, needs, rights must be considered and guaranteed.
VII. Human Suffering, Detainees, Prisoners and Missing Persons
This is a commitment of Syrians to inspect and scrutinize the human suffering that was caused by the conflict after March 2011. The humanitarian issue includes the cases of detainees, prisoners, missing persons and the families of the victims, as much as the injured and disabled. However, cases that occurred before this date must also be taken into consideration.
VIII. The Diversity Of Syrian Society
To admit that Syrian society is diverse and plural with regard to culture, ethnicity, religion, doctrine, or tribes. No group or community has the right to monopolise or dominate the political, social, cultural, national, religious and doctrinal life in Syria.
IX. Depoliticise The Origins
Political life in Syria's society shall not be built along any fault lines of religious, national or doctrinal differences. The communities shall hold no prejudice against the origins of either group or person and shall accept every citizen's right to belong and identify him or herself with a respective ethnicity, religion, doctrine or tribe.
X. The Common Cultural Heritage
The Syrian cultural heritage includes all the civilizations that have previously lived and are still living in Syria. Syria must strive to maintain and to protect this legacy and the essence of its civilizations. This duty is inseparably linked to Syrian nationality.
XI. Equality Of Syrians, Protection Of Their Freedom
Equality of all Syrians and between all Syrians shall be guaranteed, as much as the right to equality in front of the law and the judiciary.