The Soviet Union (USSR) competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia. 272 competitors, 233 men and 39 women, took part in 135 events in 17 sports.
Medalists
The USSR finished first in the final medal rankings, with 37 gold and 98 total medals.
Gold
Valentin Muratov — Artistic gymnastics, men's floor exercise
Larisa Latynina — Artistic gymnastics, women's floor exercise
Viktor Chukarin — Artistic gymnastics, men's individual all-round
Larisa Latynina — Artistic gymnastics, women's individual all-round
Victor Chukarin — Artistic gymnastics, men's parallel bars
Boris Shakhlin — Artistic gymnastics, men's pommel horse
Albert Azaryan — Artistic gymnastics, men's rings
Victor Chukarin, Valentin Muratov, Boris Shakhlin, Albert Azaryan, Yuri Titov, Pavel Stolbov — Artistic gymnastics, men's team competition Tamara Manina, Larisa Latynina, Sofia Muratova, Lidiya Kalinina-Ivanova, Polina Astakhova, Lyudmila Egorova — Artistic gymnastics, women's team competition Valentin Muratov — Artistic gymnastics, men's vault Larisa Latynina — Artistic gymnastics, women's vault Vladimir Kuts — Athletics, men's 10000 m Leonid Spirin — Athletics, men's 20 km walk Vladimir Kuts — Athletics, men's 5000 m Inese Jaunzeme — Athletics, women's javelin throw Tamara Tyshkevich — Athletics, women's shot put Vladimir Safronov — Boxing, men's featherweight Vladimir Yengibaryan — Boxing, men's light-welterweight Gennadi Shatkov — Boxing, men's 71–75 kg Pavel Kharin, Gratsian Botev — Canoeing, men's C-2 10000 m Elizaveta Dementyeva — Canoeing, women's K-1 500 m Lev Yashin, Nikolai Tishchenko, Mikhail Okonkov, Aleksei Paramonov, Anatoli Bashashkin, Igor Netto, Boris Tatushin, Anatoli Isayev, Eduard Streltsov, Valentin Ivanov, Vladimir Ryzhkin, Boris Kuznetsov, Iosif Betsa, Sergei Salnikov, Boris Razinsky, Anatoli Maslenkin, Anatoli Ilyin and Nikita Simonyan — Football (soccer), men's team competition Igor Novikov, Ivan Deryugin, Aleksandr Tarasov — Modern pentathlon, men's team competition Aleksandr Berkutov, Yuriy Tyukalov — Rowing, men's double sculls Vyacheslav Ivanov — Rowing, men's single sculls Vitali Romanenko — Shooting, men's 100 m running deer, single/double shots Vasily Borisov — Shooting, men's 300 m free rifle 3 positions Anatoli Bogdanov — Shooting, men's 50 m rifle 3 positions Igor Rybak — Weightlifting, men's lightweight Fedor Bogdanovsky — Weightlifting, men's middleweight Arkady Vorobyov — Weightlifting, men's middle-heavyweight Mirian Tsalkalamanidze — Wrestling, men's freestyle flyweight Anatoli Parfenov — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman super-heavyweight Nikolai Soloviev — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman flyweight Konstantin Vyrupaev — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman bantamweight Givi Kartoziya — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman middleweight Valentin Nikolayev — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman light-heavyweight
Silver
Tamara Manina — Artistic gymnastics, women's balance beam
Victor Chukarin — Artistic gymnastics, men's floor exercise
Yuri Titov — Artistic gymnastics, men's horizontal bar
Valentin Muratov — Artistic gymnastics, men's rings
Larisa Latynina — Artistic gymnastics, women's uneven bars
Tamara Manina — Artistic gymnastics, women's vault
Antanas Mikenas — Athletics, men's 20 km walk
Leonid Bartenev, Yuriy Konovalov, Vladimir Sukharev, Boris Tokarev — Athletics, men's 4 × 100 m relay Yevgeniy Maskinskov — Athletics, men's 50 km walk Irina Beglyakova — Athletics, women's discus throw Mikhail Krivonosov — Athletics, men's hammer throw Mariya Pisareva — Athletics, women's high jump Galina Zybina — Athletics, women's shot put Valdis Muizhniek, Maigonis Valdmanis, Vladimir Torban, Stasys Stonkus, Kazys Petkevičius, Arkadi Bochkarev, Jānis Krūmiņš, Mikhail Semyonov, Algirdas Lauritenas, Yuri Ozerov, Viktor Zubkov, Mikhail Studenetsky — Basketball, men's team competition Lev Mukhin — Boxing, men's heavyweight Pavel Kharin, Gratsian Botev — Canoeing, men's C-2 1000 m Igor Pissarev — Canoeing, men's K-1 1000 m Mikhail Kaaleste, Anatoli Demitkov — Canoeing, men's K-2 1000 m Igor Buldakov, Viktor Ivanov — Rowing, men's coxless pair Yevgeni Cherkasov — Shooting, men's 25 m rapid fire pistol Allan Erdman — Shooting, men's 300 m free rifle 3 positions Makhmud Umarov — Shooting, men's 50 m pistol Vasily Borisov — Shooting, men's 50 m rifle prone Vladimir Stogov — Weightlifting, men's bantamweight Yevgeni Minaev — Weightlifting, men's featherweight Ravil Khabutdinov — Weightlifting, men's lightweight Vasili Stepanov — Weightlifting, men's light-heavyweight Boris Kulayev — Wrestling, men's freestyle light-heavyweight Vladimir Maneev — Wrestling, men's Greco-Roman welterweight