William I. Henry VII. William II. Henry VIII. Henry I. Edward VI. Stephen. _Mary._ Henry II. _Elizabeth._ James I. Richard I. Charles I.
John. Council of State and Parliament. Henry III. Oliver Cromwell. Edward I. Richard Cromwell. Edward II. Council of State and Parliament. Edward III. Charles II. James II. Richard II. William III. and Mary. _Anne._ Henry IV. Henry IV. Henry V. George I. Henry VI. George II. Edward IV. George III. Edward V. George IV. William IV. Richard III. VICTORIA.
We begin with the Best Known, or Victoria, and we take note that she is an independent Queen, since she has never shared sovereignty with anyone; but Mary, of "William III. and Mary," was not an independent Queen, because she did share the Sovereign Power with her husband. Hereafter, when I use the word Queen I mean an independent Queen, except when Mary, of "William III. and Mary," is mentioned, and her name will be used only in Connection with William III. England has had only four independent Queens, namely, Mary [Tudor], Elizabeth, Anne, and Victoria.
(I.) Victoria is the _last_ queen and Mary was the _first_ queen [Exclusion between _first_ and _last_, or Ex.], and Mary, _first_ queen, was preceded by the _last_ Edward, or Edward VI. [Ex.] And Mary, the _first_ queen, was followed by the the _first_ and only Elizabeth [In.] And the _first_ and only Elizabeth was followed by James the _First_, or I. [In.] Again, _Queen_ Elizabeth was followed by _King_ James, making a clear case of Ex. Again, Anne, the _third_ queen, was preceded by Wm. the _Third_, or III., and Mary [In.] And these _two_ co-equal Sovereigns were preceded by James the _Second_, or II. [In., between cardinal number _two_ and the ordinal number _Second_]. This series of Queens concludes with Victoria the _fourth_ Queen, who was preceded by William the _Fourth_, or IV. [In.], and William the _Fourth_, or IV., was preceded by George the _Fourth_, or IV. [In.]; and George IV. by George III., and he by George II., and he by George I.,--a concurrence reversed, and William IV. was preceded, as we have seen, by William III. and Mary--and William III. by William II., and William I. at the very beginning of the series--Con.