The Vavilov State Optical Institute in St Petersburg, Russia (named after Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov) is a research institute in optics in Russia. It works both in pure and applied optics.
It was established in 1918 along the lines of a proposal by the physicist Dimitri Rozhdestvensky, who was the first director, a post he held until 1932. It is part of the Shvabe holding.
It designs optical systems (Froptas In German) for many applications, including Russian reconnaissance satellites. It publishes the Journal of Optical Technology (Научно-технический «ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ»).
Institution also known for developing of .