Next, there are laws for near and distant tree, shrubbery and grass effects, corresponding to the season of the year. These are known as the laws of dots (TEN PO); the saying TEN TAI SAN NEN indicates that it takes three years to make them correctly.
The drooping wistaria dot (SUI TO TEN) _(Plate XXXII a)_ for spring effects.
The chrysanthemum dot (KIKU KWA TEN) _(Plate XXXII b)_ used in summer foliage.
The wheel spoke dot (SHA RIN SHIN) _(Plate XXXIII a)_, being the pine-needle stroke and used for pine trees.
The Chinese character for the verb “to save” (KAI JI TEN) _(Plate XXXIII b)_, used for both trees and shrubbery.
The pepper dot (KOSHOTEN) _(Plate XXXIV a)_. This dot requires great dexterity and free wrist movement. It will be observed that the dots are made to vary in size but are all given the same direction.
The mouse footprints (SO SOKU TEN) _(Plate XXXIV b)_, used for cryptomeria and other like trees.
The serrated or sawtooth dot (KYO SHI SHIN) _(Plate XXXV a)_, much used for distant pine-tree effects.
The Chinese character for “one” (ICHI JI TEN) _(Plate XXXV b)_. The effect produced by this character is very remarkable in representing maple and other trees whose foliage at a distance appears to be in layers.
The Chinese character for “heart” (SHIN), called SHIN JI TEN _(Plate XXXVI a)_. This is used most effectively for both foliage and grasses.
The Chinese character for “positively” (HITSU), called HITSU JI TEN _(Plate XXXVI b)_. This dot or stroke is successfully employed in reproducing the foliage of the willow tree in spring.
The rice dot, called BEI TEN _(Plate XXXVIII a)_.
The dot called HAKU YO TEN _(Plate XXXVII b)_, being smaller than the pepper dot, with the clove dot (SHO JI TEN) surrounding it.
It is a strictly observed rule that none of these dots should interfere with or hide the branches of the trees of which they form part.
The term _chobo chobo_ is applied to the practice of always finishing a landscape painting, rocks, trees or flowers, with certain dots judiciously added to enliven and heighten the general effect. These dots, done with a springing wrist movement, serve to enliven the work and give it freshness, just as a rain shower affects vegetation. The Kano artists were most insistent upon _chobo chobo._