Produced by Chris Curnow, Robert Morse, Harry Lamé and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

Small capitals have been transcribed as ALL CAPITALS; text in italics has been transcribed between underscores, as _text_. The symbol ∩ is used to represent an upside-down U.

Electric Transmission of Water Power

More Transcriber’s Notes may be found at the end of this text.

Electric Transmission of Water Power

Published by the McGraw-Hill Book Company New York

Electric Transmission of Water Power

Successors to the Book Departments of the McGraw Publishing Company Hill Publishing Company

Electrical World The Engineering and Mining Journal The Engineering Record Power and The Engineer Electric Railway Journal American Machinist

_By_ ALTON D. ADAMS, A.M. MEMBER AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

Copyrighted, 1906, by the McGRAW PUBLISHING COMPANY NEW YORK

II. UTILITY OF WATER-POWER IN ELECTRICAL SUPPLY 10

III. COST OF CONDUCTORS FOR ELECTRIC-POWER TRANSMISSION 19

IV. ADVANTAGES OF THE CONTINUOUS AND ALTERNATING CURRENT 31

V. THE PHYSICAL LIMITS OF ELECTRIC-POWER TRANSMISSION 44

VI. DEVELOPMENT OF WATER-POWER FOR ELECTRIC STATIONS 51

VII. THE LOCATION OF ELECTRIC WATER-POWER STATIONS 64

VIII. DESIGN OF ELECTRIC WATER-POWER STATIONS 83

IX. ALTERNATORS FOR ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION 103

X. TRANSFORMERS IN TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 122

XI. SWITCHES, FUSES, AND CIRCUIT-BREAKERS 135

XIII. GUARD WIRES AND LIGHTNING ARRESTERS 168

XIV. ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION UNDER LAND AND WATER 187

XVI. VOLTAGE AND LOSSES ON TRANSMISSION LINES 215

XVII. SELECTION OF TRANSMISSION CIRCUITS 233

XVIII. POLE LINES FOR POWER TRANSMISSION 246

XIX. ENTRIES FOR ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINES 261

XXI. INSULATORS FOR TRANSMISSION LINES 287

XXII. DESIGN OF INSULATOR PINS FOR TRANSMISSION LINES 298

Electrical supply from transmitted water-power is now distributed in more than fifty cities of North America. These include Mexico City, with a population of 402,000; Buffalo and San Francisco, with 352,387 and 342,782 respectively; Montreal, with 266,826, and Los Angeles, St. Paul, and Minneapolis, with populations that range between 100,000 and 200,000 each. North and south these cities extend from Quebec to Anderson, and from Seattle to Mexico City. East and west the chain of cities includes Portland, Springfield, Albany, Buffalo, Hamilton, Toronto, St. Paul, Butte, Salt Lake City, and San Francisco. To reach these cities the water-power is electrically transmitted, in many cases dozens, in a number of cases scores, and in one case more than two hundred miles. In the East, Canada is the site of the longest transmission, that from Shawinigan Falls to Montreal, a distance of eighty-five miles.