The House of FitzJames Stuart, or simply FitzJames, is a noble house founded by James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick. He was the illegitimate son of James II & VII, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, a monarch of the House of Stuart. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the 1st Duke of Berwick followed his father into exile and much of the family's history since then has been in Spain and France, with several members of the family serving in a military capacity.
The house has two main branches. The senior branch, carrying the title of Duke of Berwick and residing in Spain, derived from the 1st Duke's first marriage to Honora Burke, Countess of Lucan. This branch has collected many titles throughout its history, including a few grandeeships of Spain, with some members acting as ambassadors or military officers.
The junior branch was associated with France and derived from the 1st Duke's second marriage to an Englishwoman, Anne Bulkeley. Perhaps the best-known member of this branch was Édouard de Fitz-James, 6th Duke of Fitz-James (1776–1838), an ultraroyalist who escaped to Italy after the French Revolution and returned to France around the time of the Bourbon Restoration, after which he became a prominent politician. This branch became extinct in the male line upon the death of the 10th Duke of Fitz-James in 1967.
Senior branch
Dukes of Berwick and of Liria
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 3rd Duke of Berwick
Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Berwick
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 5th Duke of Berwick
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 6th Duke of Berwick
This branch gained the Spanish title of Duke of Alba after the death in 1802 of the childless María Cayetana de Silva, 13th Duchess of Alba. The branch's ancestral link to the dukedom of Alba was through the 4th Duke of Berwick, whose mother was the granddaughter of the 11th Duchess of Alba. Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 7th Duke of Berwick and 14th Duke of Alba Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 8th Duke of Berwick and 15th Duke of Alba Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 9th Duke of Berwick and 16th Duke of Alba Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 10th Duke of Berwick and 17th Duke of Alba
Upon the death of the 10th Duke of Berwick in 1953, his Spanish titles (including the dukedoms of Alba and of Liria) went to his daughter while the Jacobite dukedom of Berwick went to his nephew (who was already the 19th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero), due to differences between the Spanish and Jacobite succession laws (male-preference primogeniture and agnatic primogeniture respectively).