In this connection cordial thanks are extended to Professor J. F. Jameson and Dr. C. O. Paullin, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, for the privilege of using the data which they collected on the election of 1828 and the vote in Congress on the Tariff of 1832. Likewise Mr. P. L. Phillips, of the Division of Maps of the Library of Congress, has given the author much assistance. Nor must I fail to say that many of my students have rendered practical aid in working out the details of several of the maps. Mr. Edward J. Woodhouse, of Yale University, very kindly read all the proof and prepared the index. And Professors A. C. McLaughlin and M. W. Jernegan, of the University of Chicago; Allen Johnson, of Yale; Carl Becker, of Kansas; and Frederic L. Paxson, of Wisconsin, have all given counsel and criticism on certain chapters which have been of great practical benefit.
But in making these acknowledgments for assistance rendered, it is not intended to shift to other shoulders any of the responsibility for statements or manner of treatment which may arouse criticism. The book is intended to be helpful, interpretative, and beyond any sectional bias. If the author has not been successful, it is not the fault of others, nor because of any sparing of personal efforts.
XVI. _The Collapse of the Confederacy_ 309
_The Presidential Election of_ 1828 _between_ 18 _and_ 19
_Distribution of Indians and Location of Indian Lands and Unorganized Territory of the United States or the States_ 26
_The Distribution of Industrial Plants in_ 1833 49
_The Vote in the House of Representatives on the Tariff of_ 1832 _in Eastern and Western States_ _between_ 66 _and_ 67
_Growth of the West and Removal of Indians from Cotton, Tobacco, and First Western Grain Belts_ 88
_The Presidential Election of_ 1836 _between_ 92 _and_ 93
_The Presidential Election of_ 1844 _between_ 148 _and_ 149
_Location of Abolition Societies in_ 1847 169
_The Presidential Election of_ 1852 _between_ 180 _and_ 181
_The Presidential Election of_ 1860 _between_ 264 _and_ 265
_Conflicting Sectional Interests_, 1850-60 237
_Regions which surrendered with Lee and Johnston, April, 1865_ 327
"Let the people rule"--such was the reply that Andrew Jackson made to the coalition of Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams which made the latter President. And Andrew Jackson was an interesting man in 1825. He was to be the leader of the great party of the West which was forming for the overthrow of the old political and social order. Born in a cabin on the southern frontier in 1767 and reared in the midst of poverty during the "hard times" of the Revolution, Jackson had had little opportunity to acquire the education and polish which so distinguished the leaders of the old Jeffersonian party. After a season of teaching school and studying law in Salisbury, North Carolina, he emigrated, in 1788, to Tennessee, where he soon became a successful attorney, and a few years later a United States Senator. But public life in Philadelphia proved as unattractive as school-teaching had been; he returned to the frontier life of his adopted State and was speedily made a judge, and as such he sometimes led _posses_ to enforce his decrees. During the second war with England he made a brilliant campaign against the Creek Indians, who had sided with the British, and gained the reputation of being the mortal enemy of the aborigines, a reputation which added greatly to his popularity in a community which believed that the "only good Indian is a dead Indian."