Has been used as a substitute for Q. alba.
_Acer saccharinum_, Wang. Sugar Maple. Innīnâ´tik.
1. Decoction of the inner bark is used for diarrhea.
2. The sap boiled in making sirup and sugar.
3. The wood valued for making arrow shafts.
_Acer nigrum_, Michx. Black Sugar Maple. Ishig´omeaush´-- “Sap-flows-fast.”
Arbor liquore abundans, ex quo liquor tanquam urina vehementer projicitur.
_Betula excelsa_, Ait. Yellow Birch. Wi´umis´sik.
The inner bark is scraped off, mixed with that of the Acer saccharinum, and the decoction taken as a diuretic.
_Betula papyracea_, Ait. White Birch. Mīgwas´.
Highly esteemed, and employed for making records, canoes, syrup-pans, mōkoks´--or sugar boxes--etc. The record of the Midē´wiwin, given by Minabō´zho, was drawn upon this kind of bark.
_Populus monilifera_, Ait. Cottonwood. Mâ´nâsâ´ti.
The cotton down is applied to open sores as an absorbent.
_Populus balsamifera_, L. Balsam Poplar. Asa´dĭ.
1. The bark is peeled from the branches and the gum collected and eaten.
2. Poles are used in building ordinary shelter lodges, and particularly for the Midē´wigân.
_Juglans nigra_, L. Black Walnut. Paga´nŏk-- “Nut wood.”
Walnuts are highly prized; the green rind of the unripe fruit is sometimes employed in staining or dyeing.
_Smilacina racemosa_, Desf. False Spikenard. Kinē´wigwŏshk-- “Snake weed or Snake Vine.”
1. Warm decoction of leaves used by lying-in women.
2. The roots are placed upon a red-hot stone, the patient, with a blanket thrown over his head, inhaling the fumes, to relieve headache.
3. Fresh leaves are crushed and applied to cuts to stop bleeding.
_Helianthus occidentalis_, Riddell. Sunflower. Pŭkite´wŭkbŏkuⁿs´.
The crushed root is applied to bruises and contusions.
_Polygala senega_, L. Seneca Snakeroot. Winis´sikēⁿs´.
1. A decoction of the roots is used for colds and cough.
2. An infusion of the leaves is given for sore throat; also to destroy water-bugs that have been swallowed.
_Rubus occidentalis_, L. Black Raspberry. Makadē´wĭskwi´minŏk-- “Black Blood Berry.”
A decoction made of the crushed roots is taken to relieve pains in the stomach.
_Rubus strigosus_, Michx. Wild Red Raspberry. Miskwi´minŏk´-- “Blood Berry.”
The roots are sometimes used as a substitute for the preceding.