_Holmefirth_: this name may be from _holm_, the _Ilex_, the evergreen oak; or _holm_, a tract of flat rich land on the bank of a brook or river. _Frith_, a passage or narrow channel; or _frith_, a kind of "_weir_" for catching fish.
_Greenhowlers_: the name of a place where one of the witnesses resides. _Howler_, or Owler, _Alnus glutinosa_, the common alder, a tree or shrub growing in damp places, in plantations and hedges, mistaken by the ignorant for the hazel. To send a boy "nutting amongst the _howlers_," is to put him upon a fool's task. This word is common in Lancashire and Yorkshire.
_Fall_ is applied to a number of trees cut down.
_Fresh_: a flood of water from heavy rain.
_Drift_: a small tunnel made for mining or engineering purposes.
_Drift_, in mechanics, a piece of steel or iron used to _back_ a bolt, or to widen a bolt-hole.
_Dyke_, in geology, a protruded wall of basalt or whin rock.
_Goit_: a small artificial water-course leading to a mill or reservoir.
_Bye-wash_: an artificial water-course, to allow of the escape of flood waters from a reservoir.
_Rag_: a term for _shale_. In geology, thin-bedded, slaty strata.
_Puddle_: prepared clay, tempered to form a wall in a reservoir bank, or a lining to resist water.
_Puddle-bank_, _Puddle-wall_, and _Puddle-dyke_ mean the same.
_Culvert_, _Sewer_, and _Sough_ mean almost the same; an arched channel of stone or brick for water or refuse to pass through. The first belongs more properly to water-works; the two latter are synonyms applied to town drainage, "_Sough_" being Lancashire.
_Shuttle_, _Sluice_, _Valve_, _Clough_, _Paddle_: these five names are synonyms; they mean that portion of the apparatus which _slides_, or is drawn up and let down, to inclose or let out the water of an artificial stream or reservoir.
_Swallow_: the inner portion of the culvert, or _the throat_ which leads from the inner side of the reservoir to the "_shuttle_," the outer portion being the supply-culvert.
_Valve_: an apparatus to retain or let out water, steam, &c. A valve may slide as the _shuttle_, _paddle_, or _sluice_ must do; or it may rise with a spindle, vertically, as in the safety-valve of a steam boiler; or may move on spindles or a hinge, as in some large pumps; or be in the form of a ball, and play loose in a case, as in a fire-engine pump: there are other forms of _valves_. _Throttle-valve_, a valve fixed in the steam-pipe of an engine, to which the _governor_ is attached, to _throttle_ or reduce the supply of steam to the cylinder. In some engines, as the locomotive, there is no governor motion, and the _throttle-valve_ is consequently used by hand.