Talgol Extra 50 lbs. Cocoanut Oil 10 " Lard 10 " Soda Lye, 38° B. 20 " Potash Lye, 37° B. 21 "
This soap may be made in a crutcher by the method generally used in making soap by the cold process.
Soap is a very important product to every branch of the textile industry. For woolen fabrics it is used for scouring, fulling and throwing the wool; in the silk industry it is necessary for degumming the raw silk, as well as for dyeing; in the cotton mills it is used to finish cotton cloth and to some extent in bleaching; it is, furthermore, employed in a number of ways in the manufacture of linen. Large quantities of soap are thus consumed in an industry of so great an extent and the requirements necessitate different soaps for the different operations. We will, therefore, consider these in detail.
The soaps used to scour wool and for fulling the woven cloth are usually made as cheaply as possible. They are, however, generally pure soaps, as filling material such as sodium silicate does not readily rinse out of the wool and if used at all must be added very sparingly. Both cold made and boiled settled soaps are made for this purpose. The soap is generally sold in barrels, hence is run directly to these from the crutcher or soap kettle. As cold made soaps the following serve for wool scouring or fulling.
Palm Oil 200 lbs. Bone Grease 460 " Soda Lye, 36° B. 357 " Water 113 " Soda Ash 50 " Citronella 2 "
Palm Oil (Calabar, unbleached) 155 " House Grease 360 " Soda Lye, 36° B. 324 " Water 268 " Sodium Silicate 83 "
House Grease 185 " Palm Oil (unbleached) 309 " Soda Lye, 36° B. 309 " Water 391 " Soda Ash 70 " Sodium Silicate 60 " Corn Starch 10 "
These soaps are made in a crutcher by the usual process for cold-made soaps, crutched until smooth, dropped into a barrel and crutched by hand the next day or just before cooling.
As a settled soap for these operations the following charge is typical:
Palm Oil 34 parts Cottonseed foots or its equivalent in fatty acids 33 " Rosin 10 " House Grease 23 "
The method of boiling such a soap is the same as for any settled soap up to the strengthening change. When this stage is reached, sufficient lye is added to strengthen the kettle strongly. It is then boiled down with closed steam on salt brine or "pickle" until a sample of the lye taken from the bottom stands at 16°-22° B. The soap is then run into barrels and after standing therein for a day is hand crutched until cool to prevent streaking of the soap.