The Mu'ammarid Imamate, also referred to as ibn Muammar's Imamate or Imamate of Diriyah, was a short-lived emirate created after the fall of the first Saudi state. It was based around the city of Diriyah and was briefly a vassal of Muhammad Ali, Ottoman governor of Egypt. The state did not last long, however, as it was reconquered by the Saudis and incorporated into the Second Saudi State.
Background
When the Saudi government practically collapsed and after the fall of Dir'iya and the surrender of its leaders, the political unity formed by the reformist call faded, and Najd returned to a life of chaos and disintegration in the form of independent entities and some of the anti-Diriyah leadership elements returned to their countries, where they sought to regain their influence at the expense of the existing leaders, and some of them managed From achieving this, Rashid bin Sulaiman al-Hujailan killed Abdullah bin Hujailan bin Hamad in Buraidah in revenge for his father, who was killed by Hujailan bin Hamad during the campaign of Saadoun bin Urayer on Buraidah in 1196 AH.
In Huraymla, the conflict between the Al Hamad family and the Rashid family returned over the leadership of the country, where the leader of the Al Hamad family, Ibrahim bin Nasser Al Zeer Al Hamad, was killed by Nasser bin Mohammed bin Nasser Al Rashid, and he and his family seized the property of the Al Hamad family in Haremla and evacuated them from it.
These conflicts also appeared in Al-Kharj, Al-Ahsa, Sedir and other countries that were under the influence of Diriyah, and the Badia tribes, in the absence of a strong central authority, returned to the practice of looting, plundering, road blocking and mutual raids between them.
This is with regard to the political situation. As for the economic situation, it was not better, as trade between the Najd countries and between them and neighboring regions stopped due to insecurity and some property was looted by some soldiers of the invading armies and taxes were imposed and agricultural and animal production decreased as a result of the drought and drought that prevailed in the region, which led to famine. It was certain that the continuation of the terrible political vacuum in Najd threatens security, social, religious and economic risks.
History of the emirate
Rise of Ibn Mu'ammar
A unique local attempt was made to fill the political vacuum that occurred following the withdrawal of Ibrahim Pasha's forces from Najd, and the leader of this attempt was Muhammad bin Mishari bin Muammar, one of the prominent Najdi leaders, and the son of the Emir of Uyaynah Mishari bin Muammar and a descendant of one of the Najd families with an influential role in Najd before and during the reform call. And one of the contributors to the defense of Diriyah when Ibrahim Pasha besieged it, and he is one of the three notables of Diriyah who were assigned to negotiate with Ibrahim Pasha to reach a peace with him, as that was on the seventh of Dhu al-Qi'dah in 1233 AH. He is also linked to the tribe of Imam Muhammad bin Saud by kinship, as his maternal uncle is Imam Abdul Aziz and his brother Abdullah.
In addition to that, Muhammad bin Mushari was very rich, Ibn Bishr said about him: “He had countless wealth and weapons.” One of the Ottoman documents indicates that he possessed weapons and that he took out two cannons that he had buried in Diriyah during Ibrahim Pasha's siege of it and before it fell. Muhammad tried with his capabilities to unify Najd on the basis of the reformist call, and one of the Ottoman documents indicates that Muhammad bin Muammar, upon the start of his movement, moved his family and children to the land of Sadous where his brother Ibrahim's sons reside, and this is an indication of his feeling of the difficulty and danger of his attempt, while he went to Riyadh, Where he agreed with some of the displaced from Ad Diriyah and residents of Riyadh and his villages to support him, and put a banner at his door, and the people of Diriyah flocked to him, and gathered their children and families there, directing them to Diriyah where they began cultivating its land, and this is the first step in the efforts of Muhammad bin Muammar in building a new state Where he moved himself and persuaded people to return to Diriyah, and helped the people with the necessary funds, depending on his vast wealth and used that wealth to secure protection for them.