BIBLIOGRAPHY.--Robertson Smith's article in the 9th ed. of the _Ency. Brit._ was modified by his later views in _Old Test. in the Jewish Church_[2], pp. 140-148. Recent literature is summarized by S.R. Driver in his revision of Smith's article in _Ency. Bib._ and in his _Lit. of Old Test._, and by F. Brown in Hastings' _Dict. Bib._ (a very comprehensive article). Many parts of the book offer a very hard task to the expositor, especially the genealogies, where to other troubles are added the extreme corruption and many variations of the proper names in the versions; on these see the articles in the _Ency. Bib._ Valuable contributions to the exegesis of the book will be found in Wellhausen's _Prolegomena_ (Eng. trans.), pp. 171-227; Benzinger in Marti's _Hand-Kommentar_ (1901); Kittel in _Sacred Books of the Old Test._ (1895), _History of the Hebrews_, ii. 224 sqq. (1896), and in Nowack's _Hand-Kommentar_ (1902). W.H. Bennett in _Expositor's Bible_ (1894), W.E. Barnes in _Cambridge Bible_ (1899), and Harvey-Jellie in the _Century Bible_ (1906), are helpful. Among more recent investigations are those of Howorth, _Proc. Soc. of Bibl. Archael._ xxvii. 267-278 (Chronicles a late translation from the Aramaic). (W.R.S.; S.A.C.)
[1] See the lists in Driver, _Lit. of Old Test._ pp. 502 sqq.; and the exhaustive summary by Fr. Brown in Hastings' _Dict. Bible_, i. 289 sqq.
[2] R.V. "commentary," properly, an edifying religious work, a didactic or homiletic exposition. A distinct tendency to Midrash is found even here and there in the earlier books.
[3] The problem of the sources is one of considerable intricacy and cannot be discussed here; the introduction to the commentaries of Benzinger and Kittel (see _Bibliography_ below) should be consulted. The questions depend partly upon the view taken of the origin and structure of the book of Kings (q.v.) and partly upon the results of historical criticism.
[4] "A careful comparison of Chronicles with Samuel and Kings is a striking object lesson in ancient historical composition. It is an almost indispensable introduction to the criticism of the Pentateuch and the older historical works" (W.H. Bennett, _Chronicles_, p. 20 seq.).
[5] But xxxii. 1-8 may preserve a tradition of the account of the city's wonderful deliverance mentioned in _Kings_ (see HEZEKIAH), and the details of the invasion of Judah in the time of Joash differ essentially from those in the earlier source. Even 2 Chron. viii. 2 cannot be regarded as a _deliberate_ alteration since the writer does not appear to be quoting from 1 Kings ix. 10 sqq. (the two passages should be carefully compared), and his view of Solomon's greatness is already supported by allusions in the earlier but extremely composite sources in _Kings_ (see SOLOMON).