The _Palladium_ was not long without a rival, which came with the establishment of the _Independent_, "a small quarterly of some forty violently written pages," illustrating "not only the bitter feeling between the societies and the independents, but also the hostile attitude of students towards the Faculty." It lasted for just four issues and was succeeded by the _University Magazine_, which quietly died after one gasp, leaving the independents with no representation until 1866 when the _Castalia_ appeared. This survived through five issues, not to appear again until 1890 when the independents revived it as the _Castalian_, also merged in 1893 in the _Michiganensian_.
A combination of two publications which followed the old _Castalia_ in 1867, the _University Chronicle_, an eight-page fortnightly of sometimes "rather hot discussions," and the _University Magazine_, which had been a most creditable student enterprise, produced one of the long-standing student papers, the _Chronicle_, the first number of which appeared in September, 1869. For the first few years of its existence, it was one of the best college papers in the country, though it made great capital of the hostile attitude of the students towards the Regents and Professors and undertook to speak boldly of "the evils that have crept into the University through the mismanagement of the Regents." It appeared at first as a large 16-page pamphlet, three columns to the page. At the same time the _Chronicle_ was established, a sophomore annual appeared, _The Oracle_, which had a long and checkered career as a champion of co-education.
This triumvirate of student journals held sway with only occasional rivalry until a disputed election in 1882 resulted in the establishment of a new fortnightly, the _Argonaut_, as a rival to the _Chronicle_. This journal became a weekly in 1884. The two soon became the organs of opposing fraternity factions, and assuming a political rather than a literary character, lost ground rapidly. An eventual consolidation did not save them and the last number of the combined journals appeared in 1891. They were succeeded by two new ventures, the _Daily_, which was started in September, 1890, still with us as an institution in undergraduate life, and the _Inlander_, whose long and honorable, if somewhat spasmodic, career as a literary magazine only came to an end finally in 1918. _Wrinkle_, Michigan's first humorous paper, appeared in 1893 and was immediately popular. It survived until 1905, when it also died of inanition, to be succeeded after a few years by the present _Gargoyle_ of varying merit. With the first discontinuance of the _Inlander_, about the same time _Wrinkle_ died, the student body was left with only the _Daily_ and the _Michiganensian_ as unsatisfactory vehicles for purely literary efforts, save occasional fugitive sheets which usually passed away almost before they appeared. In 1916 the _Inlander_ was re-established but seemed unable to make a place for itself and was succeeded in 1919 by the present _Chimes_. Of departmental publications only the _Technic_, established by the engineers in 1885, is still in existence and thus may honorably claim to be the oldest student journal in the University.