(The Branded or The Stigmatized) is an opera in three acts by Franz Schreker with a German-language libretto by the composer, based on Frank Wedekind's play Hidalla.
Composition history
Schreker wrote the libretto in 1911 at the request of composer Alexander Zemlinsky based on the 1904 play Hidalla by German playwright Frank Wedekind. However, Schreker decided to set the text himself, and completed the opera in 1915. The score was first published by Universal Edition Vienna.
Performance history
An expanded concert version of the overture to the opera, entitled "", was performed at the Vienna Musikverein on 8 February 1914 by the Vienna Philharmonic, conducted by Felix Weingartner.
The complete opera was first performed on 25 April 1918 by the Oper Frankfurt, conducted by Ludwig Rottenberg. It established Schreker as the pre-eminent opera composer of his generation and won him the support of Germany's foremost music critic Paul Bekker. Before the composer's music was banned in 1933, due to his Jewish ancestry, a further two dozen productions followed in fifteen different cities in Germany and Austria. The playbill of the first performance in Vienna, in January 1920, mentions 66 previous performances of the opera in five different opera houses (Frankfurt, Nuremberg, Munich, Dresden and Breslau).
Conductor Michael Gielen revived the opera at the Oper Frankfurt in 1979. In the performance, which was recorded, William Cochran appeared as Alviano Salvago, Barry Mora as Tamare, June Card as Carlotta, and Günter Reich as the Duke. It was staged, albeit heavily cut, at the Salzburg Festival in 2005, directed by Nikolaus Lehnhoff and conducted by Kent Nagano, with Robert Brubaker (Alviano) and Anne Schwanewilms (Carlotta) in the leading roles.
The American premiere was staged by Los Angeles Opera on 10 April 2010, followed by three more performances. James Conlon conducted. Robert Brubaker (Alviano), Anja Kampe (Carlotta) and Martin Gantner (Tamare) sang the principal roles. These performances were hailed by critics as the first-ever performance of a Schreker opera in the Western Hemisphere.
Back in Europe, the same month, Die Gezeichneten received six performances at the Teatro Massimo in Palermo in a production by Graham Vick. The French premiere took place in March 2015, at the Opéra de Lyon in a production by David Bösch. It was conducted by Alejo Pérez. The opera returned to Munich in a new production at Bavarian State Opera in July 2017 as part of the Munich Opera Festival. Krzysztof Warlikowski directed, Ingo Metzmacher conducted.
Roles
{ | class="wikitable" |+ !Role !Voice type !Premiere cast, 25 April 1918(Conductor: Ludwig Rottenberg) |- |Duke Antoniotto Adorno || bass || Walter Schneider |- |Count Vitelozzo Tamare || baritone || Robert vom Scheidt |- |Lodovico Nardi, Podestà || bass || Willy Roos |- |Carlotta Nardi, his daughter || soprano || Else Gentner-Fischer |- |Alviano Salvago, a Genoan nobleman || tenor || Karl Ziegler |- |Guidobald Usodimare, a Genoan nobleman || tenor || Hermann Schramm |- |Menaldo Negroni, a Genoan nobleman || tenor || Erik Wirl |- |Michelotto Cibo, a Genoan nobleman || baritone || Rudolf Brinkmann |- |Gonsalvo Fieschi, a Genoan nobleman || baritone || Fritz Meurs |- |Julian Pinelli, a Genoan nobleman || bass || Josef Gareis |- |Paolo Calvi, a Genoan nobleman || bass || Josef Gareis |- |Capitaneo di Giustizia || bass || Leo Kaplan |- |Ginevra Scotti || soprano || Marta Uersfeld |- |Martuccia, Alviano's housekeeper || contralto || Marie Welling-Bertram |- |Pietro, a cutthroat || tenor || |- |A youth || tenor || Franz Wartenberg |- |His friend || bass || Willy Schürmann |- |A young girl || soprano || Elisabeth Kandt |- |First senator || tenor || Erik Wirl |- |Second senator || baritone || Rudolf Brinkmann |- |Third senator || bass || Josef Gareis |- |A servant || bass || |- |A maidservant || mezzo-soprano || Anita Franz |- |First citizen || tenor || |- |Second citizen || baritone || Carl Bauermann |- |Third citizen || bass || Willy Schürmann |- |Father || bass || Paul Neumann |- |Mother || contralto || Frieda Hammerschmidt |- |A small boy, (silent part) || || |- |First young man || tenor || Franz Wartenberg |- |Second young man || baritone || Carl Bauermann |- |Third young man || bass || Willy Schürmann |- |A giant citizen || bass || Karl Kröff |}