A command center (often called a war room) is any place that is used to provide centralized command for some purpose.
While frequently considered to be a military facility, these can be used in many other cases by governments or businesses. The term "war room" is also often used in politics to refer to teams of communications people who monitor and listen to the media and the public, respond to inquiries, and synthesize opinions to determine the best course of action.
If all functions of a command center are located in a single room this is often referred to as a control room. However in business management teams, the term "war room" is still frequently used, especially when the team is focusing on the necessary strategy and tactics to accomplish some goal the business finds important. The war room in many cases is different than a command center because one may be formed to deal with a particular crisis such as sudden unfavorable media, and the war room is convened in order to brainstorm ways to deal with it. A large corporation can have several war rooms to deal with different goals or crises.
A command center enables an organization to function as designed, to perform day-to-day operations regardless of what is happening around it, in a manner in which no one realizes it is there but everyone knows who is in charge when there is trouble.
Conceptually, a command center is a source of leadership and guidance to ensure that service and order is maintained, rather than an information center or help desk. Its tasks are achieved by monitoring the environment and reacting to events, from the relatively harmless to a major crisis, using predefined procedures.
Types of command centers
There are many types of command centers. They include:
Data center management Oversees the central management and operating control for the computer systems that are essential most businesses, usually housed in data centers and large computer rooms. Business application management Ensures applications that are critical to customers and businesses are always available and working as designed. Civil management Oversees the central management and control of civil operational functions. Staff members in those centers monitor the metropolitan environment to ensure the safety of people and the proper operation of critical government services, adjusting services as required and ensuring proper constant movement. Emergency (crisis) management Directs people, resources, and information, and controls events to avert a crisis/emergency and minimize/avoid impacts should an incident occur.
Types of command and control rooms and their responsibilities
Command Center (CC or ICC) Data center, computer system, incident response Network Operation Centers (NOC) Network equipment and activity Tactical Operation Centers (TOC) Military operations Police and intelligence Security Operation Centers (SOC) Security agencies Government agencies Traffic management CCTV Emergency Operation Centers (EOC) Emergency services Combined Operation Centers (COS) Air traffic control Oil and gas Control rooms Broadcast Audio Visual (AV) Simulation and training Medical Social Media Command Center Monitoring, posting and responding on social media sites
Military and government
A command center is a central place for carrying out orders and for supervising tasks, also known as a headquarters, or HQ.
Common to every command center are three general activities: inputs, processes, and outputs. The inbound aspect is communications (usually intelligence and other field reports). Inbound elements are "sitreps" (situation reports of what is happening) and "progreps" (progress reports relative to a goal that has been set) from the field back to the command element.
The process aspect involves a command element that makes decisions about what should be done about the input data. In the US military, the command consists of a field – (Major to Colonel) or flag – (General) grade commissioned officer with one or more advisers. The outbound communications then delivers command decisions (i.e., operating orders) to the field elements.
Command centers should not be confused with the high-level military formation of a Command – as with any formation, Commands may be controlled from a command center, however not all formations controlled from a command centre are Commands.