Characteristic specimens of each of the six types used on Puget sound are illustrated in the accompanying diagram (pl. I). In order to bring out differences in outline, the drawings have been reduced to one length.
In actual practice each model of canoe is made in a large range of sizes, a matter which can hardly be presented in a diagram. Specimens of model _a_ (pl. I) exist which are, for example, only 16 ft. long, while one other specimen of the same model exists which
DIAGRAM SHOWING (_a_) THE SHOVEL-NOSE CANOE USED ON PUGET SOUND, AND (_b_) THE CANOE USED BY THE YUROK OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA]
has a length of 80 ft. Model _b_ in the diagram is usually made of fairly good size, in the neighborhood of 22 ft. long; but there is great variation in specimens. Model _c_ is always small, and model _f_ is never very large. We have not examined a large enough number of canoes to make it worth while to publish the measurements taken. The specimens from which the drawings were made were collected in the immediate neighborhood of Seattle and are in the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.--Diagram showing the outline of the “Alaska” canoe, used by the Kwakiutl, Tsimshian, and Haida. It is occasionally seen on Puget sound. (After a diagram in Boas, 1909.)]
An additional type, the great “Alaska” canoe, called by the Salish _tsaba´xad_, is sometimes seen on the sound. Such canoes came down from the north, manned usually by Haida from the Queen Charlotte islands, or by Nootka from the west coast of Vancouver island; occasionally by people of other tribes. These canoes were not used by the Puget Sound people, and were looked on with some curiosity. Their outline is shown in fig. 1 (after Boas).
The Songish about Victoria, B. C., have this model, which they call _a´tqEs_.[11] Its most characteristic features, both there and here, are a prominent and lofty bow and stern. These consist, on Puget sound, of separate sections hewn out of cedar and fitted carefully into their places on the hull. They are fastened there by pegs of cedar (_st’Δ´stΔd_, the word now applied to nails) and lashings of twisted cedar withes (_sti´dΔgwΔt)_, and the joint is watertight without being “pitched” (see Swan, 1868, for the method of fitting). Artistically, the shape of the prow strongly suggests an anima1’s head, and gives the canoe (which is exquisite in design) an air of alertness, as though it were moving of its